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Written By Professor Omar Hasan Kasule Sr
1.0 QUR’ANIC PERSPECTIVE OF CIVILIZATION
A. Qur’anic terminology
B. Beginning of Human Civilization
C. Conflict
D. Work
E. Social organization
2.0 MISSION CIVILISATRICE and HUMAN ACTION
A. Human body structure and function in relation to civilization
B. Communication and civilization
C. Time and civilization
D. Planning and implementation
E. Evaluation of human action, reward and punishment
3.0 SIIRAT of THE PROPHET MUHAMMAD AS A MODEL
A. Pre-Islamic Arabia
B. Muhammad as a human messenger
C. The Makkan period
D. The Madinan period
E. Lessons
4.0 THE ISLAMIC STATE, al dawlat al Islamiyat/dar al Islam
A. The rightly-guided Khilafat
B. The dynasties
C. The peripheries
D. Achievements and failures
E. Lessons for the Future
5.0 THE RISE and FALL OF CIVILIZATIONS, al dawrat al hadhariyat
A. Concepts
B. Ancient civilizations
C. Regional powers
D. World empires
E. Lessons for the future
1.0 QUR’ANIC PERSPECTIVE OF CIVILIZATION
A. Qur’anic Terminology
Isti’mar
Qariat
Ummat
B. Beginning of Human Civilization
Hunter-gatherers
Agriculture: domestication of plants and animals
Technology: stone, bronze, iron, steel
Transportation: animals, boats, wheeled vehicles
C. Conflict
Adam’s sons: The first recorded act of violence
Use of weapons
Causes of conflict
Consequences of conflict: good and bad
The purpose of jihad
D. Work
Work as a test for humans
Rewards for work
Good and bad work
E. Social Organization
Need for organization
Levels of organization: family – clan – tribe – nation – ummat
Human resources
2.0 MISSION CIVILISATRICE AND HUMAN ACTION
A. Human Body Structure & Function in Relation to Civilization
Brain: creativity, innovation, problem solving
Erect posture: free upper limb for manipulation
Versatile hand: making tools
Metabolic adaptations: food storage in body
B. Communication and Civilization
What is communication?
Types of communication
Functions of communication
Language and communication
C. Time and Civilization
Concept of time
Time in the Qur’an
Importance of time management
D. Planning and Implementation
Importance of planning
Limitations of planning
Objections / fear of planning
Planning and reliance on Allah
E. Evaluation of Human Action, Reward and Punishment
Basis for evaluation in the Qur’an and sunnat
What is evaluated?
Who evaluates?
Methods of evaluation
Limitations of evaluation
3.0 SIIRAT OF THE PROPHET MUHAMMAD AS A MODEL
A. Pre-Islamic Arabia
Economy: trade & agriculture
Religion: monotheism later corrupted to polytheism, Xianity, Sabianism
Social life: the tribe and conflict, immorality, women oppression
B. Muhammad as a Human Messenger
Lineage and birth
Life before prophethood
C. The Makkan Period
The first revelations
Trials and tribulations
Spread of the dawa outside Makkah
Hijra as a strategy for civilizational change
D. The Madinan Period
The Madinan state and constitution
Military encounters
Strategy and the hudaybiyyah treaty
Opening of Makkah and Islamization of the whole peninsula
Challenging the superpowers
E. Lessons
Success of the mission in the lifetime of the prophet
Personal conduct: forgiveness, austerity, humbleness
Family: domestic work, domestic problems
The community:
The whole world:
The environment
Animal rights
Human rights
4.0 THE ISLAMIC STATE, al dawlat al islamiyat/dar al islam
A. The Rightly-Guided Khilafat
The concept of the golden era of Islam
Abubakr 11H –
Omar 13H-
Othman 23H-
Ali 35-40H
The futuuhaat
B. The Dynasties
Omayyads: Damascus 41H – 132 H; Andalusia 138-422H
Abbasids: Baghdad 132-656H; Cairo 659-923H {Mongol invasion 640-656H). Buwaydis 334-447H and Seljuks 447-656H were the actual rulers in Baghdad
With weak Abassid central power several dynasties arose: Tulinids in Egypt 254-292H, The Fatimids in Egypt, Syria, and North Africa 297-567H, The Ayyubids in Egypt, Syria, Dayabakir, and Yemen 564H-end of 9th century H, Zangids in Syria and Jazira 521-619H, Hamdanis in N Syria and Iran.
Other dynasties: Ghaznavids in Afghanistan, Samanids in E. Iran and W. Afghanistan, Mameluks in Egypt and Syria 648-922H.
Osmanli: Controlled wide areas of the ummat 648-1281H. Crossed into Europe in 758H. Conquered Constantinople in 857H. Khilafat dissolved in 1923CE
Safawi in Persia
C. The Peripheries
Maghreb: Mutabituun 448-541H, Muwahiduun 524-667H, shurafa 917H to the present
Spain: muluuk al tawaif after the fall of the Omayyads. Muslims expelled in 1492CE
West Africa: Ghana, Mali, Songhay, Sokoto, Kenem-Bornu
East Africa: Swahili civilization
South-east Asia: Malay civilization
Central and South Asia
China
D. Achievements
Unity of the ummat: pax Islamica
Trade
Science
Medicine
Law
Human rights and Human equality
E. Decline
Change in the quality of the population base
Split in the leadership of the ummat
Migration away from the Qur’an, hijrat al Qur’an
Other causes of decline: luxury, injustice, dhulm; asabiyyat
Foreign invasion and occupation
Tajdiid movements
5.0 THE RISE AND FALL OF CIVILIZATIONS, al dawrat al hadhariyat
A. Concepts
Tadaawul
Laws that determine rise and fall of civilizations
Role of the environment
Role of communication
B. Ancient Civilizations
Concept of pre-history
Mesopotamia: Sumeria, Assyria, Babylonia, Chaldeans
Nile Valley: Egypt
Indus Valley
Huang Ho (China)
C. Regional Powers
West Asia: Hitti, Persians, Hebrews, Israelites
Mediterranean: Minoa, Mycenia. Greece, Phoenecia
Africa: Kush, Aksum, Nubia, Ethiopia, Ghana, Zimbabwe
Americas: Olmec, Maya, Aztec, Inca
D. Empires
Western Europe: Pax Romana, Xian Church, Rennaissance, Reformation, Age of Exploration, Revolutions (scientific, agricultural, industrial, political (human liberty), Imperialism (military, political, economic, and cultural), World Wars and decline
Byzantine: Conquered by Sultan Muhammad al Fatih
Russian empire
British empire, pax brittanica
Americal empire, pax americana
E. Conclusions
Each civilization has its ajal
Rules for the rise and fall of civilizations
The fate of the western civilization