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CASE 1a: HEALTHY DIET: Greta Voltz
CONCEPTUAL AND PHILOSOPHICAL BACKGROUND: religious background
LOB1. Explain the academic definition of religion based on: an object of worship, a prophet, theology, scriptures, doctrines & dogmas, rites, rituals, & ceremonies, icons or symbols, holidays, ethics and social teachings
LOB2. Explain why understanding the patient’s religious beliefs is important in medical practice.
LOB3. Discuss how specific religious concepts relate to medicine: excellence / quality, ihsan; monotheism, tauhid;, messengers and messages, risaalat;, eschatology, aakhirat; sinning, ithm; and transgression, dhulm.
LOB4. Explain how a patient’s understanding of re-determinism: qadar / taqdiir affects health-related behavior with reference to beliefs about human will, human responsibility and accountability for actions / choices, human rights and limits to individual freedom, disease (causation, prevention, and treatment), health promotion, and reconciliation between pre-determination and probability theory].
LOB5. Explain dogmas with medical implications in Buddhism and Hinduism, Confucianism and Taoism, Christianity and Judaism.
CASE ANALYSIS
LOB6. Discuss the validity and reliability of each source of dietary information
LOB7. List sources of information that you would use if you are a physician dealing with a teenager with dietary problems
LOB8. How can you clarify patients’ beliefs that contradict empirical information. LOB9. Discuss individual responsibility for health and weight control.
RESEARCH SKILLS: MATHEMATICAL AND CONCEPTUAL FOUNDATIONS
LOB10. Discuss the following issues with regard to the discipline of epidemiology: definition and scope; classification; importance in medicine and public health
LOB11. Explain the main features of epidemiologic methodology.
LOB12. Summarize the main ethico-legal issues that arise in epidemiologic practice.
LOB13. Discuss the following issues with regard to the discipline of biostatistics: Definition; classification; role in medicine and public health, and limitations
CASE 1b: HEALTHY DIET GRETA VOLTZ
CONCEPTUAL AND PHILOSOPHICAL BACKGROUND: HISTORICAL BACKGROUND
LOB1: explain the terms viscegerancy, exploitation of natural resources (taskhiir), and building a physical civilization (omraan) and how they relate to health promotion, disease prevention, and environmental protection
LOB2: Explain how nutrition, health, and disease affect the rise and fall of civilizations. LOB3: List the main achievements of ancient Egyptian, Mesopotamian, Indian, Chinese, Greek, and Roman medicine
LOB4: Describe the concept Islamic medicine and explain how it has been misunderstood
LOB5: Describe Prophetic medicines: definition, sources, classification, examples, modern applications
LOB6: Describe the main forms of European traditional medicine]. Chinese TCM (theory and philosophy, history, diagnostic techniques, treatments, efficacy and safety, modernization
LOB7: Describe Chinese TCM: theory and philosophy, history, diagnostic techniques, treatments, efficacy and safety, modernization
LOB8: Describe Ayurdevic TCM: history, diagnosis, treatments, present status, scientific study
LOB9: Describe Unani TCM: historical background, humors, present status
LOB10: Briefly outline the history of modern medicine from the renaissance to the modern period
LOB11: List the advantages and disadvantages of medical practice based solely on the biomedical model.
DATA ANALYSIS: analysis of class data
LOB12: Compute descriptive statistics for continuous variables in the class data set].
LOB13: compute descriptive statistics for discrete variables in the class data set]/
PROFESSIONALISM and PERSONAL DEVELOPMENT
LOB14: describe the etiquette of the teachers and the etiquette of the student in a health education setting
LOB15: Describe effective time management with focus on planning, prioritization, and balance
LOB16: Describe effective methods of following group study
LOB17: describe the advantages and techniques of speed reading
LOB18: Describe factors of successful teamwork
LOB19: Explain effective approaches to motivating a medical student
LOB20: List causes of student stress and explain methods of preventing / dealing with stress.
LOB21: Describe guidelines on plagiarism.
YEAR 1 SEMESTER 1 MED PPSD CASE 2: polyuria 20-08-08
CONCEPTUAL AND PHILOSOPHICAL BACKGROUND: EPISTEMOLOGY
LOB1: Briefly describe the philosophy, nature, history, sources, classification, and limitations of human knowledge
LOB2: Describe the intellectual crisis created by the dichotomy between European and traditional sources of knowledge
LOB3: Describe the empirical scientific method: definition, strengths, weaknesses
LOB4: What is your view about the possibility of integration of European and traditional knowledge in the medical field: give reasons for your view.
CASE ANALYSIS: Diabetes mellitus
LOB5: List the medical problems of the patient.
LOB6: Describe the possible underlying reasons for the patient’s non-compliance with medical advice.
PROFESSIONALISM and PERSONAL DEVELOPMENT: INDIVIDUAL DEVELOPMENT
LOB7: Discuss the nature of medical education: purpose, integration, balance, service, and leadership).
LOB8: List physician rights: remuneration, professional independence, continuing medical education, refusal to undertake unethical procedures
LOB9: Discuss physician responsibilities: to self and family, to society, and to science.
CASE 3: EXCRUCIATING ABDOMINAL PAIN
ETHICO-LEGAL-FIQH CONCEPTS & PRINCIPLES: BASICS OF LAWS
LOB1: List the sources of Islamic Law: Qur’an, sunnat, ijma, qiyaas
LOB2: List sources of European Law: statute and common law
LOB3: List the 5 purposes of the Law: morality (din), life, progeny, intellect, and property /resources
LOB4: List the 5 principles of the Law: intention, certainty, injury, hardship, custom
LOB5: Define the various types of legal rulings
LOB6: Discuss the relation of ethics to law: the Islamic vs. European perspectives
CASE ANALYSIS: alcoholism and acute abdomen
LOB7: Summarize issues raised by the information in the case
LOB8: What is your opinion about the conduct of the physician? Give reasons supporting your view and try to identify reasons that could justify the opposite view
LOB9: What conclusions do you make from the records?
LOB10: What issues/problems do you identify in this situation?
LOB11: What is the likely cause of the abdominal pain?
RESEARCH SKILLS
LOB12: Describe probability: definition, classification, and laws
LOB13: Classify events in relation to probability: mutuality, independence, and complementarity
LOB14: Describe the uses of probability in clinical diagnosis.
LOB15: Contrast the constant and the random and explain the relationship between pre-determination and randomness in events
CASE 4: FATIGUE:
BASICS OF LAWS: The Brunei
LOB1: Describe the sources of law.
LOB2: Describe the types of courts and their respective jurisdictions
LOB3: Describe the relation between civil and criminal procedures
LOB4: Describe the process of trial
LOB5: Describe judgment and punishment
LOB6: List legislation specific to medical practice and Health
CASE ANALYSIS: sickle cell disease
LOB7: Compute probabilities of sickle cell disease under various assumptions
LOB8: Summarize the ethico-legal issues in this case and explain how you would address them
PERSONAL AND PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT: Towards developing a scientific culture
LOB9: Explain the roles of the following in developing a scientific attitude: Understanding, Thinking, Description, Analysis, Objectivity, Rationality, Prudence, Respecting the other opinion.
CASE 5: DYSMORPHIC BABY
ETHICO-LEGAL-FIQH CONCEPTS & PRINCIPLES: BASICS OF LAWS
LOB1: Describe the Brunei
CASE ANALYSIS: abnormal birth
LOB2: Identify ethico-legal issues in this case
LOB3: What is your opinion about the communication between the patient and the healthcare giver.
LOB4: Summarize reasons for and reasons against screening for genetic anomalies during pregnancy
LOB5: Explain an abnormal birth in terms of probability and pre-determination
LOB6: Suggest ways of preventing congenital anomalies
RESEARCH SKILLS: MATHEMATICAL AND CONCEPTUAL FOUNDATIONS: variables and distributions
LOB7: Define constants and variables with examples
LOB8: List continuous and discrete random variables and give examples
LOB9: List common discrete and continuous statistical distributions and give examples
LOB10: Define qualitative and quantitative scales and give examples
WEEK 6: BREAST LUMP
THEORIES AND PRINCIPLES OF MEDICAL ETHICS: Theories of medical and biomedical ethics
LOB1: Explain the Islamic theory of ethics based on the 5 purposes of the Law, maqasid al shari’at: morality, life, progeny, intellect, and resources
LOB2: Explain the main European theories of ethics: deontology vs. teleology, consequentialism / utilitarianism, Principlism, Kantian, virtue, relationship, and casuistry, communitarian ethics, feminist ethics, empirical.
CASE ANALYSIS: breast lump
LOB3: Discuss issues of medical negligence / malpractice that arise in this case
LOB4: What is your opinion about prognostic statements by physicians?
PROFESSIONALISM and PERSONAL DEVELOPMENT: INDIVIDUAL DEVELOPMENT: Character and behavior:
LOB5: Describe the terms character, habits, and behavior
LOB6: Explain with examples the following positive personality traits: integrity, responsibility, courage, wisdom, patience, humility, self-restraint, modesty, simplicity, moderation, good acts, good company, principled life, positive image.
CASE 7: JAUNDICE
THEORIES AND PRINCIPLES OF MEDICAL ETHICS: Principles of medical and biomedical ethics:
LOB1: Explain the following Islamic ethical principles: intention, certainty, harm, hardship, and custom.
LOB2: Explain the ethical principles enunciated by Childress and Beauchamps: autonomy, beneficence, nonmalefacence, and justice.
LOB3: Explain religious approaches to ethics: Christian, Buddhist, Hindi, Jewish, Confucian and Taoist
LOB4: List the main provisions of the following international ethical codes: Hippocratic, Nurenberg, Helsinki
CASE ANALYSIS:
LOB5: Discuss the criteria used to determine clinical death
LOB6: Discuss criteria for initiating or withdrawing artificial life support
RESEARCH SKILLS: MATHEMATICAL AND CONCEPTUAL FOUNDATIONS
LOB7: Describe the use of the hypothetico-deductive inference in the scientific method
LOB8: Define the null and alternative hypotheses
LOB9: Describe the purpose and process of testing hypotheses
LOB10: Define the concept of p value and relate it to probability concepts
LOB11: List the errors of statistical testing
LOB12: Define significance: statistical and practical.
CASE 8: DIARRHOEA
THEORIES AND PRINCIPLES OF MEDICAL ETHICS: Medical consent for competent patients
LOB1: Discuss patient autonomy: definition, legal and conceptual basis, significance in health care, limitations, patient autonomy vs physician paternalism, second opinion, conflict between human rights and requirements of medical treatment).
LOB2: Discuss physician autonomy with regard to procedures against personal beliefs
LOB3: Discuss competence / capacity: definition, conditions, and testing
LOB4: Discuss informed consent: definition, process, and who asks?
LOB5: Explain the scope of consent: physician choice, physician of a different gender, consent to treatment, and refusal or treatment.
LOB6: Discuss conditions for validity of consent: understanding, disclosure, weigh info, voluntary, aware can refuse
LOB7: List information for informed consent: diagnosis, prognosis, treatment alternatives, risks and benefits
LOB8: Discuss capacity to consent: global vs specific, tests for capacity, enhancing capacity
CASE ANALYSIS: food poisoning
LOB9: Discuss ethico-legal issues relating to food safety from microbial infection.
PROFESSIONALISM and PERSONAL DEVELOPMENT: INDIVIDUAL DEVELOPMENT: Self Development and personality enhancement:
LOB10: Describe with examples the following aspects of self improvement: commitment, effort, learning from experience, interdependence, creativity, needs vs. wants, positive attitude, futuristic outlook, assertiveness, self confidence, self reliance, contentment.
YEAR 1 SEMESTER 1 MED PPSD CASE 9:
ETHICO-LEGAL-FIQH PRINCIPLES: issues of consent: incompetent patients
LOB1: Discuss consent / refusal for the incompetent (young children, older children, the mentally ill, and the unconscious).
.
CASE ANALYSIS: goiter
LOB2: Explain how normal changes due to growth /senescence can be distinguished from pathological changes
LOB3: Explain why patients would prefer seeing traditional healers despite availability of scientific medicine?
RESEARCH SKILLS
LOB4: Define and illustrate incidence number and incidence rate (IR)
LOB5: Define and illustrate Prevalence (P): point and period prevalence
LOB6: Define and illustrate cumulative incidence (CI)
LOB7: Explain the relation between relation Incidence Rate and Prevalence
CASE 10: SWELLING IN THE NECK
THEORIES AND PRINCIPLES OF MEDICAL ETHICS: Privacy and confidentiality:
LOB1: Define and describe privacy and confidentiality
LOB2: Explain the basis/rationale of confidentiality
LOB3: Describe truthfulness and its role in healthcare
LOB4: Summarize ethico-legal guidelines on disclosure
LOB5: Describe conflict of duties regarding confidentiality and disclosure
LOB6: Discuss special issues relating to disclosure of family or genetic information.
LOB7: Discuss the generation and handling of medical records
LOB8: Discuss ethico-legal aspects of disclosure to the media.
LOB9: Discuss disclosure by doctors with dual obligations
LOB10: Discuss guidelines for physician in court: as a witness of facts vs expert witness
CASE ANALYSIS:
LOB11: Identify 2 ethical violations in this case
LOB12: Describe how you can convince a patient to undergo surgery using religious and ethical/moral arguments;
LOB13: Describe how a court of law could take action in cases of refusal of treatment;
Identify conflicts between human rights and requirements of medical treatment.
PROFESSIONALISM and PERSONAL DEVELOPMENT: INDIVIDUAL DEVELOPMENT:
LOB14: Discuss Intellectual development, Social development, Skill development, and Professional development
CASE 11: SORE THROAT
THEORIES AND PRINCIPLES OF MEDICAL ETHICS: Research policies and procedures:
LOB1: Describe the composition of an institutional research committee.
LOB2: List the functions of an institutional research committee
LOB3: List factors that are taken into consideration for ethical approval of a research proposal.
LOB4: Describe the various types of fraud in research
LOB5: Describe ways of preventing research fraud
CASE ANALYSIS
LOB6: List ethical arguments for and against tonsillectomy using relevant ethical theories and principles;
LOB7: Explain how evidence-based medicine can help resolve ethical controversies in this case.
RESEARCH SKILLS: MATHEMATICAL AND CONCEPTUAL FOUNDATIONS
LOB8: Discuss critical reading of scientific literature
CASE 12: COUGH AND FEVER
THEORIES AND PRINCIPLES OF MEDICAL ETHICS: Animal research:
LOB1: Describe the ethical handling animals before, during, and after research
LOB2: Discuss the purposes of animal research
LOB3: Discuss the purposes and principles of the Law in animal research
LOB4: Discuss the relevance of animal research to humans
LOB5: Discuss guidelines on the choice of animals for research
CASE ANALYSIS: Awang Rosli
LOB6: List ethico-legal issues arising in this case;
LOB7: Discuss whether the patient is competent to make autonomous decisions about his treatment and mention the criteria you use
LOB8: What would be your response to a request by army authorities to provide information about the soldier’s treatment?
PERSONAL DEVELOPMENT AND PROFESSIONALISM
LOB9: Discuss personal beliefs and conscience in health care especially abortion,
CASE 13:
THEORIES AND PRINCIPLES OF MEDICAL ETHICS: Human research I: LOB1: Describe the history of human research: historical evolution & historical ethical violations
LOB2: Describe the 4 phases of a clinical trial
LOB3: Distinguish between therapeutic and non -therapeutic research.
LOB4: Summarize good clinical practice guidelines.
LOB5: Discuss issues of autonomy and informed consent in research on humans
LOB6: List the information given to patients before consent.
LOB7: Discuss the rights of the patient to withdraw from research
LOB8: Describe ethico-legal issues relating to material inducements for research subjects
LOB9: Describe the assurance of confidentiality in human research
LOB10: Discuss ethico-legal issues relating to research in emergency rooms.
LOB11: Discuss ethico-legal issues relating to research on the mentally incompetent.
LOB12: Discuss ethico-legal issues relating to research on children
LOB13: Discuss ethical issues relating to inclusion of women in clinical trials
LOB14: Discuss ethico-legal issues relating to research on the elderly
LOB15: Discuss ethico-legal issues relating to research on prisoners.
LOB16: Discuss ethico-legal issues relating to research on students and employees
LOB17: Discuss ethico-legal issues relating to research on members of uniformed services, army and police
LOB18: Discuss ethico-legal issues relating to research on cadavers.
LOB19: Discuss ethico-legal issues relating to research on biological samples, organs, and tissues from living donors
LOB20: Discuss ethico-legal issues relating to research on biological samples, organs, and tissues from dead donors
LOB21: Discuss ethico-legal issues relating to research on embryos
LOB22: Discuss ethico-legal issues relating to research on fetal tissues
LOB23: Discuss ethico-legal issues relating to record-based research
LOB24: Discuss ethico-legal issues relating to biomedical research
LOB25: Discuss ethico-legal issues relating to health services research
CASE ANALYSIS: drug reactions due to polypharmacy in the elderly
LOB26: Discuss ethico-legal issues that arise in this case
RESEARCH SKILLS: MATHEMATICAL AND CONCEPTUAL FOUNDATIONS
LOB27: Describe the writing of scientific literature