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Paper at
the 9th International Seminar & Workshop of the Islamic Hospital
Consortium Malaysia held in Kuala Lumpur under the theme ‘Spiritual Support in
Health Care’ by Professor Omar HasanKasule MB ChB (MUK), MPH (Harvard), DrPH
(Harvard) Faculty of Medicine King Fahad Medical City Riyadh Saudi Arabia. EM omarkasule@yahoo.com, WEB: www.omarkasule-tib.blogspot.com.
RENAISSANCE OF ISLAMIC MEDICINE
·
Renaissance of
Islamic medicine can be dated to the start of the 15th century of hijra
the seminal event being the First International Conference of Islamic Medicine
held in Kuwait in 1981.
·
This
renaissance has gone through several experiences: revival of the traditional
Muslim medicine in the 1980s, medical and relief projects in the 1990s,
establishment of Islamic medical colleges and Islamic hospitals in the 2000s.
·
Islamic medical
colleges and hospitals necessitated the need to develop an Islamic vision of
medicine and medical practice that is unique and is a different and additional
contribution to medicine beside the contemporary western vision.
RENAISSANCE OF ISLAMIC FIQH
·
The 2000s also
witnessed a parallel development in Islamic law emphasizing purposes of the
Law, maqasid al shari’at.
·
This motivated
the application of these purposes in medicine that started as teaching maqasid
at the faculty of medicine in the International Islamic University at Kuantan
starting in 1997.
·
This was
accompanied by development of principles of fiqh in medical
applications.
·
Both maqasid
and qawa’id soon evolved into an Islamic vision of medicine that is
gaining currency in many countries.
MAQASID
·
The 5 maqasid
are the governing paradigms according to which actions will be judges as moral
or immoral.
·
Each medical
action must fulfill or not violate the 1. preservation of morality, hifdh al
ddiin; 2. life, hifdh al nafs; 3. progeny, hifdh al nasl; 4. intellect,
hifdh al ‘aql; and 5. resources, hifdh al maal.
·
The maqasid
are however very broad so use in addition the principles of fiqh, qawa’id al
fiqh, that are short legal axioms that facilitate reasoning through
complicated issues.
QAWA’ID
·
The main
principles are 5: 1. intention, qasd; 2. certainty, yaqiin; 3. harm,
dharar; 4. hardship, mashaqqat; and 5. custom, ‘aadat.
·
Many
subprinciples can be developed from each of these. The Majallat al ahkaam al
adliyyat listed 99 main principles and 1851 subprinciples in the commercial
area.