Lecture notes written for the Kenya Association of Muslim Medical Professionals Annual General Meeting held in Nairobi on Sunday 8th March 2009 under the theme “Renal stone disease and its management”. By Professor Omar Hasan Kasule Sr. MB ChB (MUK), MPH (Harvard), DrPH (Harvard) Professor of Epidemiology and Islamic Medicine University of Brunei Darussalam EM: omarkasule@yahoo.com, WEB: http://omarkasule.tripod.com
Urinary incontinence
In urinary incontinence ablution is followed immediately by prayer with no delay. Suitable urinary bags should be worn to prevent soiling clothes and the place of prayer. A new wudhu must be made for each salat.
Urinary catheters
Patients with urinary catheters make wudhu and pray as usual even if the catheter is discharging urine. They should pray immediately after ablution. A new wudhu must be made for each salat.
Hematuria
In hematuria, wudhu is followed immediately by salat with no delay. Suitable urinary bags should be worn to prevent soling clothes and the place of prayer. Hematuria causing anemia can be considered under the exemption from saum by patients, saum al mariidh.
Renal failure
Patients with renal failure not in coma pray as much as they can but are exempt from saum in order to control fluids and electrolytes.
Renal stones
In urolithiasis, salat movements are restricted if they trigger pain and salat is delayed while patients are under sedation to control pain.
Stress of hajj movements and change in meals in the hot and dry climate of Hejaz may trigger stone formation and pain. Physicians should advise such patients on adequate fluid intake and medication to prevent stone formation.
Patients prone to stone formation have to be careful in saum to make sure they take plenty of fluid and avoid hot environments that lead to excessive fluid loss.
Fistulae:
Bladder fistulae may join the vagina (vesico-vaginal fistula) or the colon (vesico-intestinal fistula). They usually follow trauma, infection, or irradiation. Rarely intestinal fistulae may discharge to the outside. Urethral fistulae may open into the vagina (urethro-vaginal), the rectum (urethro-rectal) or the skin (urethro-cutaneous).
For purposes of prayer fistulae are treated like incontinence either of urine or of feces.