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Lecture
for medical students at the Faculty of Medicine King Fahad Medical City on 19th
May 2014 by Professor Omar Hasan Kasule Sr.
STD LEGISLATION IN UKRAINE: LEGAL AND ETHICAL ISSUES AND
THE IMPLICATIONS FOR HIV/AIDS[1].
·
Confidentiality,
·
Privacy
·
Discrimination.
BIO-ETHICAL AND LEGAL ISSUES IN RELATION TO HIV/AIDS: THE
UGANDA EXPERIENCE[2].
·
In Uganda, as in many other
countries, there is a vacuum regarding an appropriate legal and ethical
response to the HIV/AIDS pandemic.
·
cases of claimants to have cures
for AIDS, spiritual healers and sale of fake drugs plus unauthorized vaccine
and drug trials are on the increase.
·
The rights and needs of people
infected with HIV/AIDS are not adequately addressed.
·
The property rights of those
affected by the pandemic continue to be abused.
HIV/AIDS IN THE CLASSROOM: ETHICAL
AND LEGAL ISSUES SURROUNDING THE PUBLIC EDUCATION OF THE HIV-INFECTED CHILD[3].
·
Risk (to other school children
and the HIV-infected child),
·
Tlegal rights of the HIV-infected
child to a public education,
·
Role of the pediatric nurse
practitioner in the disclosure of the HIV-infected child's diagnosis.
HIV AND AIDS. LEGAL AND ETHICAL
ISSUES IN THE EMERGENCY DEPARTMENT[4].
·
The treatment of individuals
infected with HIV in the emergency department presents difficult and unique
medical, social, legal, and ethical issues.
·
informed consent for testing for
HIV status
·
mandatory testing of patients for
HIV
·
confidentiality of patients
infected with HIV
·
the duty to treat individuals
infected with HIV
·
health care workers infected with
HIV.
END OF LIFE CARE FOR INFANTS WITH
AIDS: ETHICAL AND LEGAL ISSUES[5].
·
Complex cases involving
end-of-life care for infants with AIDS raise a variety of ethical and legal
concerns.
·
Health care providers should
understand the issues involving proper treatment
·
adequate relief of pain at the
end of life,
·
a context for examining the
suffering of caregivers.
ETHICAL AND LEGAL ISSUES IN THE
TREATMENT OF PATIENTS WITH AIDS[6].
·
Testing should continue to focus
on individuals in high-risk groups, although some professionals encourage
broader, voluntary screening.
·
Because the disease is currently
fatal, physicians and patients need to address decisions concerning
life-sustaining treatment before the disease becomes advanced.
·
Two new acts, the revised Texas
Natural Death Act and the new Durable Power of Attorney allow parties to plan
ahead rationally with legal protection.
·
Other new pieces of legislation,
passed by the 71st Texas Legislature, address timely issues such as consent for
testing, notification of others, protection of health care workers, and
guidelines for insurance companies.
·
Physicians may have a moral and
professional obligation to treat AIDS victims, although this is not mandated by
current state law.
PSYCHIATRIC ASPECTS OF AIDS AND HIV
INFECTION. LEGAL, ETHICAL, AND PUBLIC POLICY ISSUES[7].
·
HIV infection forces mental
health professionals to confront difficult legal and ethical issues.
·
Problem solving requires the
delicate balancing of diverse interests and a thoughtful approach that
rationally weighs the benefits and disadvantages of traditional as well as new
solutions.
LEGAL AND ETHICAL ISSUES RELATING TO
AIDS[8].
·
Limits of confidentiality
·
Exercise of coercive government
powers to limit spread of the disease
AIDS: SOCIAL, LEGAL, AND ETHICAL
ISSUES OF THE "THIRD EPIDEMIC".[9]
·
What is the best public health
approach to people with HIV/AIDS, and what rights should they have?
·
Who should be subjected to
mandatory testing?
·
Who has a right to know or be
warned if someone has HIV/AIDS?
·
How can society be protected
against people who irresponsibly or deliberately set out to infect others?
·
It is concluded that, as recommended
by the World Health Organization, policies which balance concern for public
health with respect for individual rights are both the most humane and the most
effective ways to control the spread of AIDS.
NOTES
[1] Buromensky M. Med Law.
1999;18(2-3):327-33.
[2] Yusuf NK. Med Law.
1998;17(4):619-24.
[3] Sterken DJ. J Pediatr Health Care. 1995
Sep-Oct;9(5):205-10.
[4] Derse AR. Emerg Med Clin North Am. 1995
Feb;13(1):213-23.
[5] Rushton CH, Hogue EE, Billett CA, Chapman K, Greenberg-Friedman D, Joyner M, Park CD.
Pediatr Nurs. 1993
Jan-Feb;19(1):79-83, 94.
[6] Boisaubin EV. Tex Med. 1991
Feb;87(2):76-80.
[7] Krajeski JP. New Dir Ment Health Serv. 1990
Winter;(48):97-106.
[8] Bayer R1, Gostin L. Bull Pan Am Health Organ.
1990;24(4):454-68.
[9] Connor SS. Bull Pan Am Health Organ.
1989;23(1-2):95-107.