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1.0 WHAT IS COMMUNICATION?
1.1 Communication is transfer of information
1.2 Humans have the most advanced form of communication.
1.3 The elements of communication are: the sender, the message, the medium, the receiver, and feedback.
1.4 Six steps of communication: the source, the encoder, the message, the channel, the decoder, and the receiver.
1.5 The functions of communication are: informing, controlling, expressing emotions, and motivating.
2.0 IMPORTANCE OF COMMUNICATION:
2.1 Communication and leadership:
2.2 Communication in medicine:
3.0 TYPES and CHANNELS OF COMMUNICATION:
3.1 TYPES OF COMMUNICATION
Conscious communication vs unconscious
Verbal communication vs non verbal
3.2 TRANSMISSION OF COMMUNICATION
Communication channels
Reception of communication
4.0 COMMUNICATION GUIDELINES FROM THE QUR’AN AND SUNNAT
4.1 Man was given speech as a gift from Allah.
4.2 Communication must be objective and precise
4.3 Good argument.
4.4 A good voice.
4.5 The right word and the good word
4.6 Examples help promote understanding.
4.0 COMMUNICATION GUIDELINES FROM THE QUR’AN AND SUNNAT
4.7 Perception
4.7 Sincerity and truthfulness
4.8 Good communication
4.9 Moral communication
4.10 The Prophet’s communication as a model
4.11 There are guidelines for communication in small groups.
4.12 Telling the truth
4.13 Silence
4.14 Listening
4.15 Public speeches must be short
4.16 Writing is another effective form of communication.
4.17 Etiquette of greetings, adab al salaam
1007 COMMUNICATION PROCESS
1.0 TRANSMISSION OF COMMUNICATION
1.1 STAGES OF COMMUNICATION
1.2 IRREVERSIBILITY OF COMMUNICATION:
2.0 LINGUISTIC ASPECTS OF COMMUNICATION
2.1 The power of words
2.2 Terminology
2.3 Appropriate language
2.4 Precise communication
3.0 MODES OF COMMUNICATION
3.1 Believable communication
3.2 Pleasant communication
3.3 Humorous communication
4.0 FACTORS OF SUCCESSFUL COMMUNICATION
4.1 Personality and social intercourse:
4.2 Degradation of information quality:
4.3 Understanding, perceptions and behaviors:
5.0 BARRIERS TO EFFECTIVE COMMUNICATIONS:
5.1 Common barriers to effective communication
5.2 Other causes of communication failure
5.3 Prejudgment
COMMUNICATING WITH PATIENTS AND THEIR FAMILIES
1.0 BED-SIDE VISITS
· The physician-patient interaction is both professional and social
· greeting the patient, dua for the patient, good encouraging words, asking about the patient’s feelings, doing good/pleasing things for the patient
· nasiihat for the patient
· reminding the patient about remembrance of God
2.0 ETIQUETTE OF THE PATIENT
- The patient should express gratitude to the caregivers
- Patient complaints should be for drawing attention to problems that need attention and not criticizing caregivers.
- The patient should make dua for himself, caregivers, visitors, and others
- Adab of sneezing
- The patient should try his best to avoid anger directed at himself or others.
- Getting angry is a sign of losing patience.
DEALING WITH THE FAMILY
- Visits by the family fulfill the social obligation of joining the kindred and should be encouraged.
- The family are honored guests of the hospital with all the rights of a guest.
- The caregiver must provide psychological support to family
They need reassurance about the condition of the patient
1007-USE OF MASS MEDIA FOR HEALTH COMMUNICATION
Medium | Strengths | Weaknesses |
Newsletter | ||
Magazine | ||
Newspaper | ||
Poster | ||
Radio | ||
Television | ||
Cable TV | ||
Religious Sermons | ||
Outdoor advertizing |
1007 ROLE PLAYING PRACTICAL SESSIONS ON COMMUNICATION WITH PATIENTS
1.0 MEETING AND GREETING THE PATIENT FOR THE FIRST TIME
A patient with a bandaged left hand walks into the room
2.0 GIVING BAD NEWS
Meeting members of the family to tell them that their father has passed away
3.0 HEALTH EDUCATION -1
Prepare a 2-minute oral presentation on stopping smoking
4.0 HEALTH EDUCATION -2
Write 3-5 sentences for a poster against spitting on the road
5.0 HEALTH EDUCATION -3
Prepare a 2-minute presentation against hugging and kissing when greeting
6.0 EXPLAINING A LAB REPORT (Hematology) TO A PATIENT
Hemoglobin 14.5 g/dL (13.5 – 18.0)
Total RBC 5.6 10E12/L (4.7 – 6.1)
RDW 12.4% (11.6 -14.8)
PCV 46.8% (42.0 – 52.0)
MCV 83.1fl (80.0 – 100.0)
MCH 25.7 pg (27.0 – 33.0)
MCHC 31.0 g/dL (32.0 – 36.0)
Total WBC 7.2 10E9/L (4.0 – 11.0)
Neutrophils 49% (40 – 75)
Lymphocytes 35% (20 - 45)
Monocytes 10% (2 – 10)
Basinophils 5% (1 – 6)
Basophils 1% (0 – 1)
ESR 9 m/hr (2 – 10)
7.0 EXPLAINING A LAB REPORT (Renal profile) TO A PATIENT
Sodium 144 mmol/L (136 – 145)
Potassium 4.0 mmol/L (3.5 – 5.1)
Chloride 104 mmol/L (97 – 107)
Urea 5.7 mmol/L (2.5 – 6.4)
Serum creatinine 115 umol/L (71-115)
Calcium 2.28 mmol/L (2.12 – 2.52)
Corrected calcium 2.26 mmol/L
Phosphate 0.93 mmol/L (0.80 – 1.60)
Uric acid 423 umol/L (208 – 428)
8.0 EXPLAINING A LAB REPORT (Lipid profile) TO A PATIENT
Glucose 5.1 mmol/L (4.0 – 7.8)
Total cholesterol 5.6 mmol/L (<5.2 desirable)
(5.2 – 6.2 borderline)
(>6.2 high risk)
HDL Cholesterol 1.25 mmol/L >1.03 normal
LDL Cholesterol 3.73 mmol/L <2.58 normal
4.12 – 4.89 high >4.9 very high
Triglycerides 1.37 mmol/L <1.70 normal
Cholesterol / HDL ratio 4.48 <5.9
9.0 EXPLAINING A LAB REPORT (Liver profile) TO A PATIENT
Total protein 74 g/L (64-82)
Albumin 41 g/L (34-50)
Globulin 33 g/L (20-39)
A/G Ratio 1.2
Total bilirubin 7.0 umol/L (<17.1)
Alkaline phosphatase 96 IU/L (50-136)
SGPT/ALT 35 IU/L (30-55)
SGOT/AST 20 IU/L (15-37)
Gamma-GT 75 IU/L (15-85)
10.0 EXPLAINING A LAB REPORT (Urine microbiology) TO A PATIENT
Urine appearance Clear
Urine SG 1.015 (1.005 – 1.030)
Urine pH 6.0 (4.5 – 8.0)
Nitrate Negative
Protein Negative
Glucose Negative
Ketone Negative
Urobilinogen Normal
Bilirubin Negative
RBC/HB/Myoglobin Negative
11.0 EXPLAINING A LAB REPORT (Urine microscopy) TO A PATIENT
RBC Nil /uL (0-3)
WBC Nil /uL (0-6)
Epithelial cells Nil /uL
Cast Nil
Bacteria Occasional