Integrated Medical Education Resources: 100606P - LEARNING OUTCOMES OF THE ISLAMIC INPUT IN THE MEDICAL CURRICULUM

Dr Omar Hasan Kasule Sr

MB ChB (MUK), MPH (Harvard), DrPH (Harvard)

Professor of Epidemiology and Bioethics

Faculty of Medicine King Fahd Medical City

Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

Workshop on the 'Integration of the Islamic Input in the Medical Curriculum with Competence-Based Curriculum In Muslim Medical Schools' with the theme 'Curriculum Reform of Medical Education in Medical Schools affiliated to the Federation of Islamic Medical Associations' held at Bumi Senyiur Hotel Samarinda East Kalimantan Province Indonesia 4-6 June 2010

1001 PROPOSED LEARNING OBJECTIVES FOR THE ISLAMIC INPUT CURRICULUM: ARRANGED IN CHRONOLOIGICAL ORDER

Paper presented at a Workshop on The Integration of the Islamic Input in the Medical Curriculum with Competence-Based Curriculum In Muslim Medical Schools' with the theme 'Curriculum Reform of Medical Education in Medical Schools affiliated to the Federation of Islamic Medical Associations' held at Bumi Senyiur Hotel Samarinda East Kalimantan Province Indonesia 4-6 June 2010 by Dr Omar Hasan Kasule MB ChB (MUK), MPH (Harvard), DrPH (Harvard) Professor of Epidemiology and Bioethics Faculty of Medicine King Fahd Medical City Riyadh EM omarkasule@yahoo.com. WEB http://omarkasule.tripod.com

1.0 CONCEPTUAL AND PHILOSOPHICAL BACKGROUND: religious background

LOB1. Explain the academic definition of religion based on: an object of worship, a prophet, theology, scriptures, doctrines & dogmas, rites, rituals, & ceremonies, icons or symbols, holidays, ethics and social teachings
LOB2. Explain why understanding the patient’s religious beliefs is important in medical practice.
LOB3. Discuss how specific religious concepts relate to medicine: excellence / quality, ihsan; monotheism, tauhid;, messengers and messages, risaalat;, eschatology, aakhirat; sinning, ithm; and transgression, dhulm.
LOB4. Explain how a patient’s understanding of re-determinism: qadar / taqdiir affects health-related behavior with reference to beliefs about human will, human responsibility and accountability for actions / choices, human rights and limits to individual freedom, disease (causation, prevention, and treatment), health promotion, and reconciliation between pre-determination and probability theory].
LOB5. Explain dogmas with medical implications in Buddhism and Hinduism, Confucianism and Taoism, Christianity and Judaism.

CONCEPTUAL AND PHILOSOPHICAL BACKGROUND: HISTORICAL BACKGROUND

LOB1: explain the terms viscegerancy, exploitation of natural resources (taskhiir), and building a physical civilization (omraan) and how they relate to health promotion, disease prevention, and environmental protection
LOB2: Explain how nutrition, health, and disease affect the rise and fall of civilizations.
LOB3: List the main achievements of ancient Egyptian, Mesopotamian, Indian, Chinese, Greek, and Roman medicine
LOB4: Describe the concept Islamic medicine and explain how it has been misunderstood
LOB5: Describe Prophetic medicines: definition, sources, classification, examples, modern applications
LOB6: Describe the main forms of European traditional medicine]. Chinese TCM (theory and philosophy, history, diagnostic techniques, treatments, efficacy and safety, modernization
LOB7: Describe Chinese TCM: theory and philosophy, history, diagnostic techniques, treatments, efficacy and safety, modernization
LOB8: Describe Ayurdevic TCM: history, diagnosis, treatments, present status, scientific study
LOB9: Describe Unani TCM: historical background, humors, present status
LOB10: Briefly outline the history of modern medicine from the renaissance to the modern period
LOB11: List the advantages and disadvantages of medical practice based solely on the biomedical model.

PROFESSIONALISM and PERSONAL DEVELOPMENT

LOB12 describe the etiquette of the teachers and the etiquette of the student in a health education setting
LOB13: Describe effective time management with focus on planning, prioritization, and balance
LOB14: Describe effective methods of following group study
LOB15: describe the advantages and techniques of speed reading
LOB16: Describe factors of successful teamwork
LOB17: Explain effective approaches to motivating a medical student
LOB18: List causes of student stress and explain methods of preventing / dealing with stress.
LOB19: Describe guidelines on plagiarism.

CONCEPTUAL AND PHILOSOPHICAL BACKGROUND: EPISTEMOLOGY

LOB1: Briefly describe the philosophy, nature, history, sources, classification, and limitations of human knowledge
LOB2: Describe the intellectual crisis created by the dichotomy between European and traditional sources of knowledge
LOB3: Describe the empirical scientific method: definition, strengths, weaknesses
LOB4: What is your view about the possibility of integration of European and traditional knowledge in the medical field: give reasons for your view.

PROFESSIONALISM and PERSONAL DEVELOPMENT: INDIVIDUAL DEVELOPMENT

LOB5: Discuss the nature of medical education: purpose, integration, balance, service, and leadership).
LOB6: List physician rights: renumeration, professional independence, continuing medical education, refusal to undertake unethical procedures
LOB7: Discuss physician responsibilities: to self and family, to society, and to science.

ETHICO-LEGAL-FIQH CONCEPTS & PRINCIPLES: BASICS OF LAWS

LOB1: List the sources of Islamic Law: Qur’an, sunnat, ijma, qiyaas
LOB2: List sources of European Law: statute and common law
LOB3: List the 5 purposes of the Law: morality (din), life, progeny, intellect, and property /resources
LOB4: List the 5 principles of the Law: intention, certainty, injury, hardship, custom
LOB5: Define the various types of legal rulings
LOB6: Discuss the relation of ethics to law: the Islamic vs European perspectives

BASICS OF LAWS: The national civil and criminal justice system

LOB1: Describe the sources of law.
LOB2: Describe the types of courts and their respective jurisdictions
LOB3: Describe the relation between civil and criminal procedures
LOB4: Describe the process of trial
LOB5: Describe judgment and punishment
LOB6: List legislation specific to medical practice and Health

PERSONAL AND PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT: Towards developing a scientific culture

LOB7: Explain the roles of the following in developing a scientific attitude: understanding. thinking. description. analysis. objectivity. rationality. prudence. respecting the other opinion.

ETHICO-LEGAL-FIQH CONCEPTS & PRINCIPLES: BASICS OF LAWS

LOB1: Describe the national shari’at legal system: types of courts and jurisdictions as well as enabling legislation
THEORIES AND PRINCIPLES OF MEDICAL ETHICS: Theories of medical and biomedical ethics
LOB1: Explain the Islamic theory of ethics based on the 5 purposes of the Law, maqasid al shari’at: morality, life, progeny, intellect, and resources
LOB2: Explain the main European theories of ethics: deontology vs. teleology, consequentialism / utilitarianism, principlism, Kantian, virtue, relationship, and casuistry, communitarian ethics, feminist ethics, empirical.

PROFESSIONALISM and PERSONAL DEVELOPMENT: INDIVIDUAL DEVELOPMENT: Character and behavior:

LOB3: Describe the terms character, habits, and behavior
LOB4: Explain with examples the following positive personality traits: integrity, responsibility, courage, wisdom, patience, humility, self-restraint, modesty, simplicity, moderation, good acts, good company, principled life, positive image.

THEORIES AND PRINCIPLES OF MEDICAL ETHICS: Principles of medical and biomedical ethics:

LOB1: Explain the following Islamic ethical principles: intention, certainty, harm, hardship, and custom.
LOB2: Explain the ethical principles enunciated by Childress and Beauchamps: autonomy, beneficence, nonmalefacence, and justice.
LOB3: Explain religious approaches to ethics: Christian, Buddhist, Hindi, Jewish, Confucian and Taoist
LOB4: List the main provisions of the following international ethical codes: Hippocratic, Nurenberg, Helsinki, World Medical Health Association, UNESCO Universal Declaration of Bioethics and human rights 2005

THEORIES AND PRINCIPLES OF MEDICAL ETHICS: Medical consent for competent patients

LOB1: Discuss patient autonomy: definition, legal and conceptual basis, significance in health care, limitations, patient autonomy vs physician paternalism, second opinion, conflict between human rights and requirements of medical treatment).
LOB2: Discuss physician autonomy with regard to procedures against personal beliefs
LOB3: Discuss competence / capacity: definition, conditions, and testing
LOB4: Discuss informed consent: definition, process, and who asks?
LOB5: Explain the scope of consent: physician choice, physician of a different gender, consent to treatment, and refusal or treatment.
LOB6: Discuss conditions for validity of consent: understanding, disclosure, weigh info, voluntary, aware can refuse
LOB7:List information for informed consent: diagnosis, prognosis, treatment alternatives, risks and benefits
LOB8: Discuss capacity to consent: global vs specific, tests for capacity, enhancing capacity

PROFESSIONALISM and PERSONAL DEVELOPMENT: INDIVIDUAL DEVELOPMENT: Self Development and personality enhancement:

LOB9: Describe with examples the following aspects of self improvement: commitment, effort, learning from experience, interdependence, creativity, needs vs wants, positive attitude, futuristic outlook, assertiveness, self confidence, self reliance, contentment.

ETHICO-LEGAL-FIQH PRINCIPLES: issues of consent: incompetent patients

LOB1: Discuss consent / refusal for the incompetent (young children, older children, the mentally ill, and the unconscious).

THEORIES AND PRINCIPLES OF MEDICAL ETHICS: Privacy and confidentiality:

LOB1: Define and describe privacy and confidentiality
LOB2: Explain the basis/rationale of confidentiality
LOB3: Describe truthfulness and its role in healthcare
LOB4: Summarize ethico-legal guidelines on disclosure
LOB5: Describe conflict of duties regarding confidentiality and disclosure
LOB6: Discuss special issues relating to disclosure of family or genetic information.
LOB7: Discuss the generation and handling of medical records
LOB8: Discuss ethico-legal aspects of disclosure to the media.
LOB9: Discuss disclosure by doctors with dual obligations
LOB10: Discuss guidelines for physician in court: as a witness of facts vs expert witness

PROFESSIONALISM and PERSONAL DEVELOPMENT: INDIVIDUAL DEVELOPMENT:

LOB1: Discuss Intellectual development, Social development, Skill development, and Professional development

THEORIES AND PRINCIPLES OF MEDICAL ETHICS: Research policies and procedures:

LOB1: Describe the composition of an institutional research committee.
LOB2: List the functions of an institutional research committee
LOB3: List factors that are taken into consideration for ethical approval of a research proposal.
LOB4: Describe the various types of fraud in research
LOB5: Describe ways of preventing research fraud

THEORIES AND PRINCIPLES OF MEDICAL ETHICS: Animal research:

LOB1: Describe the ethical handling animals before, during, and after research
LOB2: Discuss the purposes of animal research
LOB3: Discuss the purposes and principles of the Law in animal research
LOB4: Discuss the relevance of animal research to humans
LOB5: Discuss guidelines on the choice of animals for research

PERSONAL DEVELOPMENT AND PROFESSIONALISM

LOB1: Discuss personal beliefs and conscience in health care especially abortion,

THEORIES AND PRINCIPLES OF MEDICAL ETHICS: Human research I:

LOB1: Describe the history of human research: historical evolution & historical ethical violations
LOB2: Describe the 4 phases of a clinical trial
LOB3: Distinguish between therapeutic and non -therapeutic research.
LOB4: Summarize good clinical practice guidelines.
LOB5: Discuss issues of autonomy and informed consent in research on humans
LOB6: List the information given to patients before consent.
LOB7: Discuss the rights of the patient to withdraw from research
LOB8: Describe ethico-legal issues relating to material inducements for research subjects
LOB9: Describe the assurance of confidentiality in human research
LOB10: Discuss ethico-legal issues relating to research in emergency rooms.
LOB11: Discuss ethico-legal issues relating to research on the mentally incompetent.
LOB12: Discuss ethico-legal issues relating to research on children
LOB13: Discuss ethical issues relating to inclusion of women in clinical trials
LOB14: Discuss ethico-legal issues relating to research on the elderly
LOB15: Discuss ethico-legal issues relating to research on prisoners.
LOB16: Discuss ethico-legal issues relating to research on students and employees
LOB17: Discuss ethico-legal issues relating to research on members of uniformed services, army and police
LOB18: Discuss ethico-legal issues relating to research on cadavers.
LOB19: Discuss ethico-legal issues relating to research on biological samples, organs, and tissues from living donors
LOB20: Discuss ethico-legal issues relating to research on biological samples, organs, and tissues from dead donors
LOB21: Discuss ethico-legal issues relating to research on embryos
LOB22: Discuss ethico-legal issues relating to research on fetal tissues
LOB23: Discuss ethico-legal issues relating to record-based research
LOB24: Discuss ethico-legal issues relating to biomedical research
LOB25: Discuss ethico-legal issues relating to health services research

BACKGROUND PHILOSOPHY and CONCEPTS: BASIC SCIENCES BACKROUND: Creation (cosmogenesis / genesis) and afterlife (eschatology):

LOB1: Describe various views about the start of the universe
LOB2: Discuss how medical science reveals signs of the creator
LOB3: Discuss the relation between creation on one hand and physical laws, order, change, and permanence on the other hand.
LOB4: Describe and contrast the creationist and evolutionary views of human creation
LOB5: Describe the matter-spirit duality of human nature
LOB6: Discuss the superiority of humans over other creations based on superior intellect and moral values
LOB7: Describe the mission of humans as vicegerents on the earth
LOB8: Describe the human racial/ethnic, social, and cultural diversity and how it can affect medical care
LOB9: Describe the various beliefs about the afterlife and explain how they affect attitudes to disease and to death
LOB10: Define the concept of personhood and discuss whether there is a difference between the start of life and the start of legal personhood.
LOB13: Review data grouping, data tabulation, and data diagrams,

BACKGROUND PHILOSOPHY and CONCEPTS: Transitions in the status of life:

LOB1: Describe life: definition, nature, criteria, quality, and worth/value
LOB2: Describe death: definition, nature, process, criteria, and attitudes

BACKGROUND PHILOSOPHY and CONCEPTS: Transitions in the status of life: Transitions in the status of health:

LOB1: Describe health: definition, quality, determinants, individual, family, community, protection, and promotion
LOB2: Describe disease / illness: definition, classification, causes, positive and negative attributes and consequences
LOB3: Describe treatment of disease: cure vs prevention, curability of all disease, complementation between prevention and cure, modalities of treatment, doa, and condemnation of superstition.

BACKGROUND PHILOSOPHY and CONCEPTS: The human life cycle: infancy to youth

LOB1: Discuss the intrauterine period: conception, stages, external and internal environments, and ethico-legal implication of the start of life, disorders
LOB2: Discuss infancy and childhood: parenthood, physical, social, and psychosocial growth, and disorders
LOB3: Discuss adolescence: definition, physical changes, problems of transition, mismatch between biology and wisdom / experience)
LOB4: Discuss youth: definition, stress career vs family, cognition vs emotion, idealism vs pragmatism, and morality vs hedonism.

BACKGROUND PHILOSOPHY and CONCEPTS: The human life cycle: middle age and the elderly

LOB1: Describe middle age: definition, biological, social, psychological changes in men and women, the midlife crisis, menopausal problems: physical, psycho-social-sexual
LOB2: Describe old age: definition, homeostasis vs homeostenosis, ageing vs disease, characteristics, physical decline, psychosocial functions, care for the elderly: home vs institution, research on the elderly, common health disorders, exemption of the elderly from social and religious obligations
LOB3: Discuss after life: linear vs cyclic concepts.

BACKGROUND PHILOSOPHY and CONCEPTS: The Biological Miracle I:

LOB1: Discuss the creation of the human organism: perfection, optimality, and incomparability
LOB2: Discuss the interaction of the external and internal environments: homeostasis, equilibrium, balance, central tendency, ecology, and pathological repair & restoration.
LOB3: Discuss the functional unity of the organism: control, command, and communication systems of DNA, the nervous, endocrine, sensory, and immunological systems
LOB4: Discuss negative vs positive feedback).

BACKGROUND PHILOSOPHY and CONCEPTS: The Biological Miracle II:

LOB1: Discuss correlation of structure and function by organ systems: input-output (alimentary and urinary), transport (cardiovascular and respiratory), command, control, aned coordination (sensory, nervous, endocrine, immunological systems), locomotor, support, and protective (musculoskeletal and connective systems).

ETHICO-LEGAL-FIQH ISSUES IN CLINICAL PRACTICE APPLICATIONS: Issues In Activities Of Normal Living:

LOB1: Describe fiqh guidelines on personal hygiene, excreta disposal, and toilet etiquette.
LOB2: Describe fiqh guidelines on physiological secretions and wudhu / salat: skin and integuments, hair, ear, nose, throat, mouth, urogenital, intravascular, interstitial, pathological secretions, & intubation, and catheterization.
LOB3: Describe fiqh guidelines on environmental hygiene: bad odors in public gatherings
LOB4: Describe fiqh guidelines on foods & drinks: sources, halal & haram, etiquette of meals, food hygiene, control of the appetite, waste of food, hunger and thirst.

ETHICO-LEGAL-FIQH ISSUES IN CLINICAL PRACTICE APPLICATIONS: Issues In Activities Of Normal Living: Physical activity and rest

LOB1: Discuss fiqh guidelines on physical activity in general: difference between physical activity and physical exercise, health, recreational, and other benefits
LOB2: Discuss fiqh guidelines on standing, sitting, walking and running: purposes, bipedal locomotion, upright posture, dynamic and static balance, postural hypotension in prolonged salat
LOB3: Discuss fiqh guidelines on sports: traditional, violent, participatory & non-participatory
LOB4: Discuss Islamic concepts and fiqh guidelines on sleep and rest: definition, a form of death, purposes, etiquette, dreams, disorders, and legal competence of the sleeping person.

ETHICO-LEGAL-FIQH ISSUES IN CLINICAL PRACTICE: MEDICAL PROCEDURES: Diagnostic procedures (history, examination, and investigations):

LOB1: Discuss ethico-legal-fiqh guidelines on history taking: consent, scope, lifestyle questions, confidentiality, and nasiha.
LOB2: Discuss ethico-legal-fiqh guidelines on physical examination: consent, uncovering awrat, and physicians of opposite gender.
LOB3: Discuss ethico-legal-fiqh guidelines on radiological examination: consent and confidentiality of images.
LOB4: Discuss ethico-legal-fiqh guidelines on laboratory tests: consent, confidentiality, and disclosure
LOB5: Discuss ethico-legal-fiqh guidelines on esophagoscopy and colonoscopy: wudhu, salat, and puasa
LOB6: Discuss ethico-legal-fiqh issues involved in the aggressive investigation of common symptoms: cost vs risk of missed diagnosis and legal liability for missed diagnosis
LOB7: Discuss ethico-legal-fiqh issues involved in HIV testing: compulsory mass testing, compulsory testing of a suspect, targeted testing of high risk groups, testing at the workplace, pre-marital testing, anonymous testing for epidemiological purposes, and disclosure to the employer and the spouse.

ETHICO-LEGAL-FIQH ISSUES IN CLINICAL PRACTICE I: MEDICAL PROCEDURES: Medical procedures:

LOB1: Discuss the balance of benefit and injury in medical interventions: benefit>injury, benefit<injury, benefit=injury, choice between 2 evils, choice between legality and benefit, individual vs public interest, prohibited vs necessary, and double effect
LOB2: Discuss the doctrine of double effect.
LOB3: Discuss the concept of the slippery slope.
LOB4: Discuss the distinction between ordinary vs heroic means in treatment
LOB5: Discuss the difference in consideration between acts of omission vs acts of commission
LOB6: Discuss the ethico-legal-fiqh issues involved in the use of drugs in sports
LOB7: Discuss the ethico-legal-fiqh issues involved in HIV treatment: compulsory treatment of pregnant HIV+ve, and free retroviral drugs for HIV +ve.
LOB8: Discuss the ethico-legal-fiqh issues involved in the prescriptions and administration of medications: ethico-legal issues, financial violations, conflict of interests, pharmacogenetics, regulations of drug administration, request for lifestyle drugs, and porcine derived anticoagulants
LOB9: Discuss fiqh guidelines on medication and wudhu: oral and rectal routes, vomiting after medication.
LOB10: Discuss fiqh guidelines on medication and puasa: oral, rectal, intramuscular, intravenous, and sublingual.

ETHICO-LEGAL-FIQH ISSUES IN CLINICAL PRACTICE: Surgical procedures

LOB1: Discuss ethico-legal-fiqh issues in disclosure of surgical risk and consent
LOB2: Discuss ethico-legal-fiqh issues in anesthesia: consent, wudhu, and salat
LOB3: Discuss ethico-legal-fiqh issues in blood transfusion: safety, cross matching errors, consent/refusal, selling/buying, unwilling donors, donation by relatives, prisoners, and drug addicts.
LOB4: Discuss ethico-legal-fiqh issues in resuscitation: without consent, principle of certainty about nett benefit, and doctrine of futility
LOB5: Discuss ethico-legal-fiqh issues in cosmetic / reconstructive surgery: concept of changing Allah’s creation, beautification, prostheses, gender change, results less than desired, and injury
LOB6: Discuss ethico-legal-fiqh issues in solid organ transplantation: indications, preventive transplantation, sale of organs, informed consent for donor and recipient, friend and family donors, living will on organ donation, issues of organ harvesting and determination of death, minor donors and recipients, ownership of organs, decision to donate for incompetent terminally ill and the dead, condemned prisoners as donors, opt-in and opt-out systems, organ donor card, and organ donor register

ETHICO-LEGAL-FIQH ISSUES IN CLINICAL PRACTICE APPLICATIONS II: DISEASE CONDITIONS: Patient hygiene and taharat

LOB1: Describe fiqh guidelines for patient hygiene
LOB2: Describe fiqhi guidelines for patients with the following: colostomy, urinal, and discharging fistula
LOB3: List medical procedures that do not nullify wudhu
LOB4: Describe guidelines for wudhu for patients with the following conditions: skin lesions, wounds, bleeding, urinary incontinence, fecal incontinence; limbs immobilized by plaster of paris, hemiplegia, extreme sensitivity to cold or heat, dysfunctional uterine bleeding
LOB5: Describe dry ablution, tayammum: definition, conditions of recommendation: skin and cold, etiquette, soil / sand in the hospital
LOB6: Describe ritual bathing, ghusl, for the sick.

ETHICO-LEGAL-FIQH ISSUES IN CLINICAL PRACTICE APPLICATIONS II: DISEASE CONDITIONS: Physical Acts Of Worship For The Sick:

LOB1: Describe fiqh guidelines for salat in the following circumstances: salat with musculoskeletal and neurological disability, joining and shortening salat for a reason; salat for immobilized patient, salat for the blind and deaf, salat in extreme cold/hot weather, salat with extreme thirst or hunger, salat with hemiplegia, salat with vestibular disorders, salat with postural disorders, salat with dysfunctional uterine bleeding
LOB2: Describe fiqh guidelines for puasa in the following circumstances: diabetes, ulcers, vomiting, diarrhea
LOB3: Describe fiqh guidelines for hajj in the following circumstances: hajj with muscoskeletal and neurological disability, hajj for the blind and deaf, hajj with vestibular disorders, and hajj with postural disorders.
LOB5: Describe and illustrate methods of comparing survival curves).

REVIEW OF THEORIES AND PRINCIPLES OF MEDICAL ETHICS: ethical theories

LOB1: List the 5 purposes of the Law
LOB2: List the most commonly used European theories of ethics.

ETHICO-LEGAL-FIQH APPLICATIONS IN CLINICAL PRACTICE

LOB3: Describe salatm hajj, and puasa in dyspnea due to cardiovascular causes

REVIEW OF THEORIES AND PRINCIPLES OF MEDICAL ETHICS: ethical principles

LOB1: List Islamic principles of ethics
LOB2: List European principles of ethics according to Childress and Beauchamp

ETHICO-LEGAL-FIQH APPLICATIONS IN CLINICAL PRACTICE

LOB3: Describe puasa in case of congestive cardiac failure

PERSONAL DEVELOPMENT AND PROFESSIONALISM

LOB4: Describe the ideals of physician competence, responsibility, and accountability
LOB5: Explain ethical guidelines for the doctor-patient relationship: compassion, competence, disclosure & truthfulness, confidentiality, etiquette of the patient, bedside visit, uncovering awrat, interaction with the opposite gender, interaction with the family.

REVIEW OF THEORIES AND PRINCIPLES OF MEDICAL ETHICS: consent for competent patients

LOB1: Define and discuss patient autonomy
LOB2: Define physician autonomy.

ETHICO-LEGAL-FIQH APPLICATIONS IN CLINICAL PRACTICE: Respiratory disorders

LOB1: Discuss the performance of religious obligations (salat, hajj, and puasa) for patients with dyspnea due to respiratory causes (pneumothorax, pulmonary embolism, chronic bronchitis, emphysema)

REVIEW OF THEORIES AND PRINCIPLES OF MEDICAL ETHICS: consent for competent patients

LOB1: Discuss informed consent: definition and process
LOB2: Describe the scope of consent
LOB3: Discuss the conditions for validity of consent

ETHICO-LEGAL-FIQH APPLICATIONS IN CLINICAL PRACTICE

LOB1: Discuss ethico-legal issues of isolation, contact tracing, and immunization for cases with contagious respiratory infections.

PERSONAL DEVELOPMENT AND PROFESSIONALISM

LOB1: Discuss the following fidelity obligations: patient-doctor contract, dual obligations: army, police, prisons, sports, factory, school & university, conflict of duties and conflict of interests).
LOB2: Discuss ethico-legal issues in dealing with disabled patients

REVIEW OF THEORIES AND PRINCIPLES OF MEDICAL ETHICS: consent for competent patients

LOB1: Discuss the type of information for informed consent (diagnosis, prognosis, treatment alternatives, risks and benefits).

ETHICO-LEGAL-FIQH APPLICATIONS IN CLINICAL PRACTICE

LOB1: Discuss ethico-legal issues that arise in the treatment of anemic patients
LOB2: Discuss ethico-legal issues in treatment of patients with coagulation disorders

REVIEW OF THEORIES AND PRINCIPLES OF MEDICAL ETHICS: consent for competent patients

LOB1: Discuss competence / capacity: definition and conditions
LOB2: Discuss capacity to consent: global vs specific, tests for capacity, and enhancing capacity
LOB3: Describe the process of consent / refusal for the competent

ETHICO-LEGAL-FIQH APPLICATIONS IN CLINICAL PRACTICE

LOB1: Discuss ethico-legal-fiqh issues relating to managing patients with lymphoma

PERSONAL DEVELOPMENT AND PROFESSIONALISM: Professional etiquette with the terminally ill/dying: palliative care.

LOB1: Discuss ethico-legal-fiqh issues relating to the terminally ill / dying: comfort, hygiene, alleviation of pain, acts of worship, legal preparation, spiritual preparation.

REVIEW OF THEORIES AND PRINCIPLES OF MEDICAL ETHICS: consent for the incompetent

LOB1: Discuss consent / refusal for the incompetent: young children, older children, the mentally ill, the unconscious.

ETHICO-LEGAL-FIQH APPLICATIONS IN CLINICAL PRACTICE

LOB1: Discuss ethico-legal-fiqh issues in sexually transmitted disease: pre-marital screening, condoms for sexually active teenagers, confidentiality in treatment, partner tracing and notification.

REVIEW OF THEORIES AND PRINCIPLES OF MEDICAL ETHICS: consent for the incompetent

LOB1: Discuss consent in emergencies: competent patient but no time for consent, incapacitated patients, resuscitation after attempted suicide, carrying out an unauthorized /unfamiliar procedure to save life
LOB2: Discuss ethico-legal-fiqh issues relating to refusal of emergency treatment by a competent / incompetent person
LOB3: Discuss ethico-legal-fiqh issues relating to advance refusal of resuscitation.

ETHICO-LEGAL-FIQH APPLICATIONS IN CLINICAL PRACTICE

LOB1: Discuss fiqh issues relating to treatment of skin disorders: eczema, psoriasis, etc.

PERSONAL DEVELOPMENT AND PROFESSIONALISM: Professional etiquette with the terminally ill/dying:

LOB1: Discuss fiqh issues relating to death, mourning, and bereavement.

REVIEW OF THEORIES AND PRINCIPLES OF MEDICAL ETHICS: consent for the incompetent

LOB1: Discuss ethico-legal issues relating to forensic /police issues (search of unconscious patients, disclosure of emergency room information to the police, forensic searches of emergency patients: blood alcohol levels, domestic violence and child abuse in ER).

ETHICO-LEGAL-FIQH APPLICATIONS IN CLINICAL PRACTICE

LOB1: Discuss ethico-legal issues relating to orthopedic problems: sprains & fractures, orthopedic fixation, osteomyelitis, malignant bone neoplasms (salat, hajj, work-related injury, workmen compensation, factory work with tremors, physical activity, rest, and sleep).

REVIEW OF THEORIES AND PRINCIPLES OF MEDICAL ETHICS

LOB1: Discuss ethico-legal issues relating to medical practice by an off-duty doctor in an emergency.

ETHICO-LEGAL-FIQH APPLICATIONS IN CLINICAL PRACTICE

LOB1: Discuss social and religious obligations for patients with osteoporosis and myasthenia
LOB2: Discuss social and religious obligations for patients with laryngeal, pharyngeal, or oral disease
LOB3: Describe how an immobilized patient can perform ablution
LOB4: Describe 3 ways in which an immobilized patient can pray

PERSONAL DEVELOPMENT AND PROFESSIONALISM: Collegial relations / etiquette in a health team:

LOB1: Discuss principles of successful group work.
LOB2: Discuss general and special group dynamics. \
LOB3: Discuss the ideal student-teacher relation.
LOB4: Illustrate the need for mutual respect and cooperation

REVIEW OF THEORIES AND PRINCIPLES OF MEDICAL ETHICS

LOB1: Discuss ethico-legal issues relating to admission of relatives into ER.

ETHICO-LEGAL-FIQH APPLICATIONS IN CLINICAL PRACTICE: alimentary disorders

LOB1: Discuss the impact on wudhu, salat, and puasa of the following GIT conditions: nausea, vomiting /hemetamesis, peptic ulcer

REVIEW OF THEORIES AND PRINCIPLES OF MEDICAL ETHICS: Decisions on medical interventions in the absence of informed consent:

LOB1: Describe the physician assessment of best interests of the patient in deciding for the incompetent.
LOB2: Describe the use of proxy decision makers.
LOB3: Describe advance statements

ETHICO-LEGAL-FIQH APPLICATIONS IN CLINICAL PRACTICE

LOB1: Discuss the impact on wudhu, salat, and puasa of the following GIT conditions: rectal bleeding, incontinence, and fistulae.

PERSONAL DEVELOPMENT AND PROFESSIONALISM: Collegial relations / etiquette in a health team:

LOB1: Describe techniques of conflict resolution in a healthcare team.
LOB2: Explain how whistle blowing can deter unethical behavior
LOB3: Discuss guidelines for cooperation with traditional healers

REVIEW OF THEORIES AND PRINCIPLES OF MEDICAL ETHICS

LOB1: Discuss consent to treatment by the court.
LOB2: Discuss ethico-legal issues in treatment options with economic and other considerations.

ETHICO-LEGAL-FIQH APPLICATIONS IN CLINICAL PRACTICE

LOB1: Discuss ethico-legal issues associated with chronic renal failure
LOB2: Discuss fiqhi issues associated with urinary incontinence, fistulae, and catheters
LOB3: Discuss fiqhi issues relating to renal colic

REVIEW OF THEORIES AND PRINCIPLES OF MEDICAL ETHICS: ethical theories

LOB1: List the 5 purposes of the Law
LOB2: List the most commonly used European theories of ethics.

ETHICO-LEGAL-FIQH APPLICATIONS IN CLINICAL PRACTICE

LOB1: Describe salatm hajj, and puasa in dyspnea due to cardiovascular causes

REVIEW OF THEORIES AND PRINCIPLES OF MEDICAL ETHICS: ethical principles

LOB1: List Islamic principles of ethics
LOB2: List European principles of ethics according to Childress and Beauchamp

ETHICO-LEGAL-FIQH APPLICATIONS IN CLINICAL PRACTICE

LOB1: Describe puasa in case of congestive cardiac failure

PERSONAL DEVELOPMENT AND PROFESSIONALISM

LOB1: Describe the ideals of physician competence, responsibility, and accountability
LOB2: Explain ethical guidelines for the doctor-patient relationship: compassion, competence, disclosure & truthfulness, confidentiality, etiquette of the patient, bedside visit, uncovering awrat, interaction with the opposite gender, interaction with the family.

REVIEW OF THEORIES AND PRINCIPLES OF MEDICAL ETHICS: consent for competent patients

LOB1: Define and discuss patient autonomy
LOB2: Define physician autonomy.

ETHICO-LEGAL-FIQH APPLICATIONS IN CLINICAL PRACTICE: Respiratory disorders

LOB1: Discuss the performance of religious obligations (salat, hajj, and puasa) for patients with dyspnea due to respiratory causes (pneumothorax, pulmonary embolism, chronic bronchitis, emphysema)

REVIEW OF THEORIES AND PRINCIPLES OF MEDICAL ETHICS: consent for competent patients

LOB1: Discuss informed consent: definition and process
LOB2: Describe the scope of consent
LOB3: Discuss the conditions for validity of consent

ETHICO-LEGAL-FIQH APPLICATIONS IN CLINICAL PRACTICE

LOB1: Discuss ethico-legal issues of isolation, contact tracing, and immunization for cases with contagious respiratory infections.

PERSONAL DEVELOPMENT AND PROFESSIONALISM

LOB1: Discuss the following fidelity obligations: patient-doctor contract, dual obligations: army, police, prisons, sports, factory, school & university, conflict of duties and conflict of interests).
LOB2: Discuss ethico-legal issues in dealing with disabled patients

REVIEW OF THEORIES AND PRINCIPLES OF MEDICAL ETHICS: consent for competent patients

LOB1: Discuss the type of information for informed consent (diagnosis, prognosis, treatment alternatives, risks and benefits).

ETHICO-LEGAL-FIQH APPLICATIONS IN CLINICAL PRACTICE

LOB1: Discuss ethico-legal issues that arise in the treatment of anemic patients
LOB2: Discuss ethico-legal issues in treatment of patients with coagulation disorders

REVIEW OF THEORIES AND PRINCIPLES OF MEDICAL ETHICS: consent for competent patients

LOB1: Discuss competence / capacity: definition and conditions
LOB2: Discuss capacity to consent: global vs specific, tests for capacity, and enhancing capacity
LOB3: Describe the process of consent / refusal for the competent

ETHICO-LEGAL-FIQH APPLICATIONS IN CLINICAL PRACTICE

LOB1: Discuss ethico-legal-fiqh issues relating to managing patients with lymphoma

PERSONAL DEVELOPMENT AND PROFESSIONALISM: Professional etiquette with the terminally ill/dying: palliative care.

LOB1: Discuss ethico-legal-fiqh issues relating to the terminally ill / dying: comfort, hygiene, alleviation of pain, acts of worship, legal preparation, spiritual preparation.

REVIEW OF THEORIES AND PRINCIPLES OF MEDICAL ETHICS: consent for the incompetent

LOB1: Discuss consent / refusal for the incompetent: young children, older children, the mentally ill, the unconscious.

ETHICO-LEGAL-FIQH APPLICATIONS IN CLINICAL PRACTICE

LOB1: Discuss ethico-legal-fiqh issues in sexually transmitted disease: pre-marital screening, condoms for sexually active teenagers, confidentiality in treatment, partner tracing and notification.

RESEARCH SKILLS: Writing a research report (Methods):

LOB1: Outline the contents of method section with regards to sampling, sample size, and statistical analyses

REVIEW OF THEORIES AND PRINCIPLES OF MEDICAL ETHICS: consent for the incompetent

LOB1: Discuss consent in emergencies: competent patient but no time for consent, incapacitated patients, resuscitation after attempted suicide, carrying out an unauthorized /unfamiliar procedure to save life
LOB2: Discuss ethico-legal-fiqh issues relating to refusal of emergency treatment by a competent / incompetent person
LOB3: Discuss ethico-legal-fiqh issues relating to advance refusal of resuscitation.

ETHICO-LEGAL-FIQH APPLICATIONS IN CLINICAL PRACTICE

LOB1: Discuss fiqh issues relating to treatment of skin disorders: eczema, psoriasis, etc.

PERSONAL DEVELOPMENT AND PROFESSIONALISM: Professional etiquette with the terminally ill/dying:

LOB1: Discuss fiqh issues relating to death, mourning, and bereavement.

REVIEW OF THEORIES AND PRINCIPLES OF MEDICAL ETHICS: consent for the incompetent

LOB1: Discuss ethico-legal issues relating to forensic /police issues (search of unconscious patients, disclosure of emergency room information to the police, forensic searches of emergency patients: blood alcohol levels, domestic violence and child abuse in ER).

ETHICO-LEGAL-FIQH APPLICATIONS IN CLINICAL PRACTICE

LOB1: Discuss ethico-legal issues relating to orthopedic problems: sprains & fractures, orthopedic fixation, osteomyelitis, malignant bone neoplasms (salat, hajj, work-related injury, workmen compensation, factory work with tremors, physical activity, rest, and sleep).

REVIEW OF THEORIES AND PRINCIPLES OF MEDICAL ETHICS

LOB1: Discuss ethico-legal issues relating to medical practice by an off-duty doctor in an emergency.

ETHICO-LEGAL-FIQH APPLICATIONS IN CLINICAL PRACTICE

LOB1: Discuss social and religious obligations for patients with osteoporosis and myasthenia
LOB2: Discuss social and religious obligations for patients with laryngeal, pharyngeal, or oral disease
LOB3: Describe how an immobilized patient can perform ablution
LOB4: Describe 3 ways in which an immobilized patient can pray

PERSONAL DEVELOPMENT AND PROFESSIONALISM: Collegial relations / etiquette in a health team:

LOB1: Discuss principles of successful group work.
LOB2: Discuss general and special group dynamics. \
LOB3: Discuss the ideal student-teacher relation.
LOB4: Illustrate the need for mutual respect and cooperation

REVIEW OF THEORIES AND PRINCIPLES OF MEDICAL ETHICS

LOB1: Discuss ethico-legal issues relating to admission of relatives into ER.

ETHICO-LEGAL-FIQH APPLICATIONS IN CLINICAL PRACTICE: alimentary disorders

LOB1: Discuss the impact on wudhu, salat, and puasa of the following GIT conditions: nausea, vomiting /hemetamesis, peptic ulcer

REVIEW OF THEORIES AND PRINCIPLES OF MEDICAL ETHICS: Decisions on medical interventions in the absence of informed consent:

LOB1: Describe the physician assessment of best interests of the patient in deciding for the incompetent.
LOB2: Describe the use of proxy decision makers.
LOB3: Describe advance statements

ETHICO-LEGAL-FIQH APPLICATIONS IN CLINICAL PRACTICE

LOB1: Discuss the impact on wudhu, salat, and puasa of the following GIT conditions: rectal bleeding, incontinence, and fistulae.

PERSONAL DEVELOPMENT AND PROFESSIONALISM: Collegial relations / etiquette in a health team:

LOB1: Describe techniques of conflict resolution in a healthcare team.
LOB2: Explain how whistle blowing can deter unethical behavior
LOB3: Discuss guidelines for cooperation with traditional healers

REVIEW OF THEORIES AND PRINCIPLES OF MEDICAL ETHICS

LOB1: Discuss consent to treatment by the court.
LOB2: Discuss ethico-legal issues in treatment options with economic and other considerations.

ETHICO-LEGAL-FIQH APPLICATIONS IN CLINICAL PRACTICE

LOB1: Discuss ethico-legal issues associated with chronic renal failure
LOB2: Discuss fiqhi issues associated with urinary incontinence, fistulae, and catheters
LOB3: Discuss fiqhi issues relating to renal colic

REVIEW OF THEORIES AND PRINCIPLES OF MEDICAL ETHICS: ethical theories

LOB1: List the 5 purposes of the Law
LOB2: List the most commonly used European theories of ethics.

ETHICO-LEGAL-FIQH APPLICATIONS IN CLINICAL PRACTICE

LOB1: Describe salatm hajj, and puasa in dyspnea due to cardiovascular causes

REVIEW OF THEORIES AND PRINCIPLES OF MEDICAL ETHICS: ethical principles

LOB1: List Islamic principles of ethics
LOB2: List European principles of ethics according to Childress and Beauchamp

ETHICO-LEGAL-FIQH APPLICATIONS IN CLINICAL PRACTICE

LOB1: Describe puasa in case of congestive cardiac failure

PERSONAL DEVELOPMENT AND PROFESSIONALISM

LOB1: Describe the ideals of physician competence, responsibility, and accountability
LOB2: Explain ethical guidelines for the doctor-patient relationship: compassion, competence, disclosure & truthfulness, confidentiality, etiquette of the patient, bedside visit, uncovering awrat, interaction with the opposite gender, interaction with the family.

REVIEW OF THEORIES AND PRINCIPLES OF MEDICAL ETHICS: consent for competent patients

LOB1: Define and discuss patient autonomy
LOB2: Define physician autonomy.

ETHICO-LEGAL-FIQH APPLICATIONS IN CLINICAL PRACTICE: Respiratory disorders

LOB1: Discuss the performance of religious obligations (salat, hajj, and puasa) for patients with dyspnea due to respiratory causes (pneumothorax, pulmonary embolism, chronic bronchitis, emphysema)

REVIEW OF THEORIES AND PRINCIPLES OF MEDICAL ETHICS: consent for competent patients

LOB1: Discuss informed consent: definition and process
LOB2: Describe the scope of consent
LOB3: Discuss the conditions for validity of consent

ETHICO-LEGAL-FIQH APPLICATIONS IN CLINICAL PRACTICE

LOB1: Discuss ethico-legal issues of isolation, contact tracing, and immunization for cases with contagious respiratory infections.

PERSONAL DEVELOPMENT AND PROFESSIONALISM

LOB1: Discuss the following fidelity obligations: patient-doctor contract, dual obligations: army, police, prisons, sports, factory, school & university, conflict of duties and conflict of interests).
LOB2: Discuss ethico-legal issues in dealing with disabled patients

REVIEW OF THEORIES AND PRINCIPLES OF MEDICAL ETHICS: consent for competent patients

LOB1: Discuss the type of information for informed consent (diagnosis, prognosis, treatment alternatives, risks and benefits).

ETHICO-LEGAL-FIQH APPLICATIONS IN CLINICAL PRACTICE

LOB1: Discuss ethico-legal issues that arise in the treatment of anemic patients
LOB2: Discuss ethico-legal issues in treatment of patients with coagulation disorders

REVIEW OF THEORIES AND PRINCIPLES OF MEDICAL ETHICS: consent for competent patients

LOB1: Discuss competence / capacity: definition and conditions
LOB2: Discuss capacity to consent: global vs specific, tests for capacity, and enhancing capacity
LOB3: Describe the process of consent / refusal for the competent

ETHICO-LEGAL-FIQH APPLICATIONS IN CLINICAL PRACTICE

LOB1: Discuss ethico-legal-fiqh issues relating to managing patients with lymphoma

PERSONAL DEVELOPMENT AND PROFESSIONALISM: Professional etiquette with the terminally ill/dying: palliative care.

LOB1: Discuss ethico-legal-fiqh issues relating to the terminally ill / dying: comfort, hygiene, alleviation of pain, acts of worship, legal preparation, spiritual preparation.

REVIEW OF THEORIES AND PRINCIPLES OF MEDICAL ETHICS: consent for the incompetent

LOB1: Discuss consent / refusal for the incompetent: young children, older children, the mentally ill, the unconscious.

ETHICO-LEGAL-FIQH APPLICATIONS IN CLINICAL PRACTICE

LOB1: Discuss ethico-legal-fiqh issues in sexually transmitted disease: pre-marital screening, condoms for sexually active teenagers, confidentiality in treatment, partner tracing and notification.

REVIEW OF THEORIES AND PRINCIPLES OF MEDICAL ETHICS: consent for the incompetent

LOB1: Discuss consent in emergencies: competent patient but no time for consent, incapacitated patients, resuscitation after attempted suicide, carrying out an unauthorized /unfamiliar procedure to save life
LOB2: Discuss ethico-legal-fiqh issues relating to refusal of emergency treatment by a competent / incompetent person
LOB3: Discuss ethico-legal-fiqh issues relating to advance refusal of resuscitation.

ETHICO-LEGAL-FIQH APPLICATIONS IN CLINICAL PRACTICE

LOB1: Discuss fiqh issues relating to treatment of skin disorders: eczema, psoriasis, etc.

PERSONAL DEVELOPMENT AND PROFESSIONALISM: Professional etiquette with the terminally ill/dying:

LOB1: Discuss fiqh issues relating to death, mourning, and bereavement.

REVIEW OF THEORIES AND PRINCIPLES OF MEDICAL ETHICS: consent for the incompetent

LOB1: Discuss ethico-legal issues relating to forensic /police issues (search of unconscious patients, disclosure of emergency room information to the police, forensic searches of emergency patients: blood alcohol levels, domestic violence and child abuse in ER).

ETHICO-LEGAL-FIQH APPLICATIONS IN CLINICAL PRACTICE

LOB2: Discuss ethico-legal issues relating to orthopedic problems: sprains & fractures, orthopedic fixation, osteomyelitis, malignant bone neoplasms (salat, hajj, work-related injury, workmen compensation, factory work with tremors, physical activity, rest, and sleep).

REVIEW OF THEORIES AND PRINCIPLES OF MEDICAL ETHICS

LOB1: Discuss ethico-legal issues relating to medical practice by an off-duty doctor in an emergency.

ETHICO-LEGAL-FIQH APPLICATIONS IN CLINICAL PRACTICE

LOB1: Discuss social and religious obligations for patients with osteoporosis and myasthenia
LOB2: Discuss social and religious obligations for patients with laryngeal, pharyngeal, or oral disease
LOB3: Describe how an immobilized patient can perform ablution
LOB4: Describe 3 ways in which an immobilized patient can pray

PERSONAL DEVELOPMENT AND PROFESSIONALISM: Collegial relations / etiquette in a health team:

LOB1: Discuss principles of successful group work.
LOB2: Discuss general and special group dynamics. \
LOB3: Discuss the ideal student-teacher relation.
LOB4: Illustrate the need for mutual respect and cooperation

REVIEW OF THEORIES AND PRINCIPLES OF MEDICAL ETHICS

LOB1: Discuss ethico-legal issues relating to admission of relatives into ER.

ETHICO-LEGAL-FIQH APPLICATIONS IN CLINICAL PRACTICE: alimentary disorders

LOB1: Discuss the impact on wudhu, salat, and puasa of the following GIT conditions: nausea, vomiting /hemetamesis, peptic ulcer

REVIEW OF THEORIES AND PRINCIPLES OF MEDICAL ETHICS: Decisions on medical interventions in the absence of informed consent:

LOB1: Describe the physician assessment of best interests of the patient in deciding for the incompetent.
LOB2: Describe the use of proxy decision makers.
LOB3: Describe advance statements

ETHICO-LEGAL-FIQH APPLICATIONS IN CLINICAL PRACTICE

LOB1: Discuss the impact on wudhu, salat, and puasa of the following GIT conditions: rectal bleeding, incontinence, and fistulae.

PERSONAL DEVELOPMENT AND PROFESSIONALISM: Collegial relations / etiquette in a health team:

LOB1: Describe techniques of conflict resolution in a healthcare team.
LOB2: Explain how whistle blowing can deter unethical behavior
LOB3: Discuss guidelines for cooperation with traditional healers

REVIEW OF THEORIES AND PRINCIPLES OF MEDICAL ETHICS

LOB1: Discuss consent to treatment by the court.
LOB2: Discuss ethico-legal issues in treatment options with economic and other considerations.

ETHICO-LEGAL-FIQH APPLICATIONS IN CLINICAL PRACTICE

LOB1: Discuss ethico-legal issues associated with chronic renal failure
LOB2: Discuss fiqhi issues associated with urinary incontinence, fistulae, and catheters
LOB3: Discuss fiqhi issues relating to renal colic

REVIEW OF THEORIES AND PRINCIPLES OF MEDICAL ETHICS: ethical theories

LOB1: List the 5 purposes of the Law
LOB2: List the most commonly used European theories of ethics.

ETHICO-LEGAL-FIQH APPLICATIONS IN CLINICAL PRACTICE

LOB1: Describe salatm hajj, and puasa in dyspnea due to cardiovascular causes

REVIEW OF THEORIES AND PRINCIPLES OF MEDICAL ETHICS: ethical principles

LOB1: List Islamic principles of ethics
LOB2: List European principles of ethics according to Childress and Beauchamp

ETHICO-LEGAL-FIQH APPLICATIONS IN CLINICAL PRACTICE

LOB1: Describe puasa in case of congestive cardiac failure

PERSONAL DEVELOPMENT AND PROFESSIONALISM

LOB1: Describe the ideals of physician competence, responsibility, and accountability
LOB2: Explain ethical guidelines for the doctor-patient relationship: compassion, competence, disclosure & truthfulness, confidentiality, etiquette of the patient, bedside visit, uncovering awrat, interaction with the opposite gender, interaction with the family.

REVIEW OF THEORIES AND PRINCIPLES OF MEDICAL ETHICS: consent for competent patients

LOB1: Define and discuss patient autonomy
LOB2: Define physician autonomy.

ETHICO-LEGAL-FIQH APPLICATIONS IN CLINICAL PRACTICE: Respiratory disorders

LOB1: Discuss the performance of religious obligations (salat, hajj, and puasa) for patients with dyspnea due to respiratory causes (pneumothorax, pulmonary embolism, chronic bronchitis, emphysema)

REVIEW OF THEORIES AND PRINCIPLES OF MEDICAL ETHICS: consent for competent patients

LOB1: Discuss informed consent: definition and process
LOB2: Describe the scope of consent
LOB3: Discuss the conditions for validity of consent

ETHICO-LEGAL-FIQH APPLICATIONS IN CLINICAL PRACTICE

LOB1: Discuss ethico-legal issues of isolation, contact tracing, and immunization for cases with contagious respiratory infections.

PERSONAL DEVELOPMENT AND PROFESSIONALISM

LOB5: Discuss the following fidelity obligations: patient-doctor contract, dual obligations: army, police, prisons, sports, factory, school & university, conflict of duties and conflict of interests).
LOB67: Discuss ethico-legal issues in dealing with disabled patients

REVIEW OF THEORIES AND PRINCIPLES OF MEDICAL ETHICS: consent for competent patients

LOB1: Discuss the type of information for informed consent (diagnosis, prognosis, treatment alternatives, risks and benefits).

ETHICO-LEGAL-FIQH APPLICATIONS IN CLINICAL PRACTICE

LOB1: Discuss ethico-legal issues that arise in the treatment of anemic patients
LOB2: Discuss ethico-legal issues in treatment of patients with coagulation disorders

REVIEW OF THEORIES AND PRINCIPLES OF MEDICAL ETHICS: consent for competent patients

LOB1: Discuss competence / capacity: definition and conditions
LOB2: Discuss capacity to consent: global vs specific, tests for capacity, and enhancing capacity
LOB3: Describe the process of consent / refusal for the competent

ETHICO-LEGAL-FIQH APPLICATIONS IN CLINICAL PRACTICE

LOB1: Discuss ethico-legal-fiqh issues relating to managing patients with lymphoma

PERSONAL DEVELOPMENT AND PROFESSIONALISM: Professional etiquette with the terminally ill/dying: palliative care.

LOB1: Discuss ethico-legal-fiqh issues relating to the terminally ill / dying: comfort, hygiene, alleviation of pain, acts of worship, legal preparation, spiritual preparation.

REVIEW OF THEORIES AND PRINCIPLES OF MEDICAL ETHICS: consent for the incompetent

LOB1: Discuss consent / refusal for the incompetent: young children, older children, the mentally ill, the unconscious.

ETHICO-LEGAL-FIQH APPLICATIONS IN CLINICAL PRACTICE

LOB1: Discuss ethico-legal-fiqh issues in sexually transmitted disease: pre-marital screening, condoms for sexually active teenagers, confidentiality in treatment, partner tracing and notification.

REVIEW OF THEORIES AND PRINCIPLES OF MEDICAL ETHICS: consent for the incompetent

LOB1: Discuss consent in emergencies: competent patient but no time for consent, incapacitated patients, resuscitation after attempted suicide, carrying out an unauthorized /unfamiliar procedure to save life
LOB2: Discuss ethico-legal-fiqh issues relating to refusal of emergency treatment by a competent / incompetent person
LOB3: Discuss ethico-legal-fiqh issues relating to advance refusal of resuscitation.

ETHICO-LEGAL-FIQH APPLICATIONS IN CLINICAL PRACTICE

LOB1: Discuss fiqh issues relating to treatment of skin disorders: eczema, psoriasis, etc.

PERSONAL DEVELOPMENT AND PROFESSIONALISM: Professional etiquette with the terminally ill/dying:

LOB1: Discuss fiqh issues relating to death, mourning, and bereavement.

REVIEW OF THEORIES AND PRINCIPLES OF MEDICAL ETHICS: consent for the incompetent

LOB1: Discuss ethico-legal issues relating to forensic /police issues (search of unconscious patients, disclosure of emergency room information to the police, forensic searches of emergency patients: blood alcohol levels, domestic violence and child abuse in ER).

ETHICO-LEGAL-FIQH APPLICATIONS IN CLINICAL PRACTICE

LOB1: Discuss ethico-legal issues relating to orthopedic problems: sprains & fractures, orthopedic fixation, osteomyelitis, malignant bone neoplasms (salat, hajj, work-related injury, workmen compensation, factory work with tremors, physical activity, rest, and sleep).

REVIEW OF THEORIES AND PRINCIPLES OF MEDICAL ETHICS

LOB1: Discuss ethico-legal issues relating to medical practice by an off-duty doctor in an emergency.

ETHICO-LEGAL-FIQH APPLICATIONS IN CLINICAL PRACTICE

LOB1: Discuss social and religious obligations for patients with osteoporosis and myasthenia
LOB2: Discuss social and religious obligations for patients with laryngeal, pharyngeal, or oral disease
LOB3: Describe how an immobilized patient can perform ablution
LOB4: Describe 3 ways in which an immobilized patient can pray

PERSONAL DEVELOPMENT AND PROFESSIONALISM: Collegial relations / etiquette in a health team:

LOB1: Discuss principles of successful group work.
LOB2: Discuss general and special group dynamics.
LOB3: Discuss the ideal student-teacher relation.
LOB4: Illustrate the need for mutual respect and cooperation

REVIEW OF THEORIES AND PRINCIPLES OF MEDICAL ETHICS

LOB1: Discuss ethico-legal issues relating to admission of relatives into ER.

ETHICO-LEGAL-FIQH APPLICATIONS IN CLINICAL PRACTICE: alimentary disorders

LOB1: Discuss the impact on wudhu, salat, and puasa of the following GIT conditions: nausea, vomiting /hemetamesis, peptic ulcer

REVIEW OF THEORIES AND PRINCIPLES OF MEDICAL ETHICS: Decisions on medical interventions in the absence of informed consent:

LOB1: Describe the physician assessment of best interests of the patient in deciding for the incompetent.
LOB2: Describe the use of proxy decision makers.
LOB3: Describe advance statements

ETHICO-LEGAL-FIQH APPLICATIONS IN CLINICAL PRACTICE

LOB1: Discuss the impact on wudhu, salat, and puasa of the following GIT conditions: rectal bleeding, incontinence, and fistulae.

PERSONAL DEVELOPMENT AND PROFESSIONALISM: Collegial relations / etiquette in a health team:

LOB1: Describe techniques of conflict resolution in a healthcare team.
LOB2: Explain how whistle blowing can deter unethical behavior
LOB3: Discuss guidelines for cooperation with traditional healers

REVIEW OF THEORIES AND PRINCIPLES OF MEDICAL ETHICS

LOB1: Discuss consent to treatment by the court.
LOB2: Discuss ethico-legal issues in treatment options with economic and other considerations.

ETHICO-LEGAL-FIQH APPLICATIONS IN CLINICAL PRACTICE

LOB1: Discuss ethico-legal issues associated with chronic renal failure
LOB2: Discuss fiqhi issues associated with urinary incontinence, fistulae, and catheters
LOB3: Discuss fiqhi issues relating to renal colic

ETHICO-LEGAL-FIQH PRINCIPLES:

LOB1: List the composition and functions of an Institutional Ethical Review Board
LOB2: List the potential types of fraud in research
LOB3: describe measures of avoiding research fraud

ETHICO-LEGAL-FIQH ISSUES IN CLINICAL PRACTICE

LOB1:. Explain the difference in legal consideration between contraception as a choice of a couple and contraception as public policy
LOB2: Explain circumstances in which female contraception is allowed even if the husband refuses
LOB3: List and explain guidelines on choice of contraceptive methods
LOB4: List and describe allowed male contraceptive methods.
LOB5: List and describe allowed female contraceptive methods
LOB6: Explain the legal position about contraception out of marriage
LOB7:Explain the legal position regarding sterilization
LOB8: Explain how easy availability of contraception causes sexual promiscuity. LOB12: List and explain demographic effects of wide-spread contraceptive use.
LOB9: Discuss ethico-legal issues related to assisted reproduction
LOB10: Discuss ethico-legal issues related to stem cell and embryo research
LOB11: ethico-legal guidelines on genetic technology

ETHICO-LEGAL-FIQH PRINCIPLES

LOB1: Describe ethico-legal guidelines on handling research animals
LOB2: Discuss the purposes and relevance of animal research to human disease
LOB3: Discuss ethico-legal guidelines for choosing animals for research.

ETHICO-LEGAL-FIQH ISSUES IN CLINICAL PRACTICE

LOB1: Discuss ethico-legal issues in use of HRT to treat menopausal disorders
LOB2: Discuss ethico-legal and fiqh issues in dysfunctional uterine bleeding.

PERSONAL DEVELOPMENT AND PROFESSIONALISM

LOB1: Discuss the concepts and theories of communication
LOB2: List and explain practical guidelines for successful small group communication.

ETHICO-LEGAL-FIQH PRINCIPLES

LOB1: briefly describe the history of human research including ethical violations
LOB2: Describe the phases of a clinical trial
LOB3: Distinguish between therapeutic and non-therapeutic research
LOB4: Explain what you understand by the term GCP.

ETHICO-LEGAL-FIQH ISSUES IN CLINICAL PRACTICE

LOB1: Discuss ethico-legal issues in palliative care
LOB2: Discuss the definition and criteria of brain death
LOB3: Discuss ethico-legal guidelines on initiating / withdrawing artificial life support
LOB4: Discuss ethico-legal guidelines on euthanasia and physician assisted suicide
LOB5: Discuss ethico-legal guidelines on solid organ transplantation
LOB6: Discuss ethico-legal issues regarding postmortem examination
LOB7: Discuss ethico-legal issues on dissection of cadavers and their use in research

ETHICO-LEGAL PRINCIPLES

LOB1: Discuss autonomy / informed consent for research on humans, research on records, postmortem research
LOB2: List types of information given to patients before consent.
LOB3: Discuss the research subject’s rights to withdraw from research
LOB4: Discuss ethico-legal issues relating to material inducements for research subjects.

ETHICO-LEGAL-FIQH ISSUES IN CLINICAL PRACTICE: Osteoporosis and HRT

LOB1: Describe how geriatric physical dysfunction ( musculoskeletal, senses, nutrition) affect religious obligations (taharat, wudhu, salat, puasa, hajj).
LOB2: Describe how geriatric psychoneurological conditions and dementias affect the following social and religious obligations: civil and financial transactions, salat, puasa, hajj
LOB3: Describe guidance on how to deal with the following geriatric psychosocial dysfunctions: depression, dependency/loss of self esteem, sexual dysfunction, poor quality of life, and impaired ability to carry out civil transactions
LOB4: Discuss in general rights and obligations in geriatric disabilities
LOB5: Discuss ethico-legal guidelines for research on the elderly.

PERSONAL DEVELOPMENT AND PROFESSIONALISM

LOB1: Discuss the purposes and types of written communications: letters, office memos, papers, reports, and manuals
LOB2: List the characteristics of good writing.
LOB3: Discuss the special characteristics of medical/technical writing
LOB4: List specific guidelines for writing and publishing a paper.
LOB5: Discuss problems in writing

ETHICO-LEGAL PRINCIPLES

LOB1: Discuss ethico-legal issues regarding confidentiality in clinical research

ETHICO-LEGAL-FIQH ISSUES IN CLINICAL PRACTICE

LOB1: Discuss the impact of personality disorders on social and religious obligations
LOB2: Discuss the impact of psychiatric conditions on social and religious obligations
LOB3: Discuss stigmatization in psychiatric conditions
LOB4: Describe the main provisions of the Mental Health Act
LOB5: Discuss issues related to psychosurgery and ECT for some psychiatric conditions
LOB6: Discuss issues of confidentiality in psychiatric conditions

ETHICO-LEGAL PRINCIPLES

LOB1: Discuss ethico-legal issues of research in emergency rooms
LOB2: Discuss ethico-legal issues of research on the mentally incapacitated
LOB3: Discuss issues relating to inclusion of women and minorities in research.
LOB4: Discuss ethico-legal issues of research on the elderly
LOB5: Discuss ethico-legal issues of research on prisoners
LOB6: Discuss ethico-legal issues of research on students and employees
LOB7: Discuss ethico-legal issues of research on members of uniformed services

ETHICO-LEGAL-FIQH ISSUES IN CLINICAL PRACTICE

LOB1: List and discuss ethico-legal issues related to substance abuse

PERSONAL DEVELOPMENT AND PROFESSIONALISM: Communication

LOB1: Describe public speaking: purposes, elements, the message, delivery, the audience
LOB2: Explain approaches to dealing effectively with the mass media
LOB3: List the strengths and weaknesses of various media
LOB4: Describe the impact of media on health-related KAP.

REVIEW OF ETHICO-LEGAL-FIQH PRINCIPLES

LOB1: Discuss the following ethico-legal issues relating to research on children: consent by competent children endorsed by parents, parental consent for incompetent children, children’s physiological vulnerability, parental consent for research in child’s interest, parental consent for research not in the child’s interests, the benefit-risk ration, and child overriding parental consent.

ETHICO-LEGAL-FIQH ISSUES IN CLINICAL PRACTICE: Psycho-social conditions:

LOB1: Discuss the legal impact of loss of competence on religious, social, and civil obligations
LOB2: Describe human drives and the genesis of emotions: positive and negative.
LOB3: Discuss ethico-legal issues relating to anxiety disorders
LOB4: Discuss ethico-legal issues relating to stress
LOB5: Discuss ethico-legal issues relating to depression and suicide / para-suicide
LOB6: Discuss ethico-legal issues relating to psychogenic sexual disorders
LOB7: Discuss ethico-legal issues relating to neurotic / anxiety / compulsive-obsessive disorders

REVIEW OF ETHICO-LEGAL PRINCIPLES

LOB1: Discuss the ethico-legal issues relating to research on: biological samples, organs, and tissues from living or dead donors.
LOB2: Discuss ethico-legal issues relating to research on embryos and fetal tissues
LOB3: Discuss ethico-legal issues relating to biomedical research, public health research, and health services research.

ETHICO-LEGAL-FIQH ISSUES IN CLINICAL PRACTICE

LOB1: Discuss ethico-legal-fiqhi issues relating to loss of consciousness
LOB2: Discuss ethico-legal-fiqhi issues related to stroke
LOB3: Discuss ethico-legal issues related to epilepsy
LOB4: Discuss ethico-legal issues related to Parkinson disease
LOB5: Discuss ethico-legal issues related to Senile dementias
LOB6: Discuss ethico-legal issues related to brain tumors
LOB7: Discuss ethico-legal issues related to brain / skull trauma
LOB8: Discuss ethico-legal issues related to spinal cord injury
LOB9: Discuss ethico-legal issues related to aphasic disorders
LOB10: Discuss ethico-legal issues related to vestibular disorders
LOB11: Discuss ethico-legal issues related to peripheral / diabetic neuropathy
LOB12: Discuss ethico-legal issues related to limb disorders
LOB13: Discuss ethico-legal issues related to involuntary movements

PERSONAL DEVELOPMENT AND PROFESSIONALISM: Negotiation:

LOB1: Describe the nature and purpose of win-win negotiations
LOB2: Discuss negotiation strategies and tactics
LOB3: Describe principles of successful management of a negotiation session
LOB4: Describe what is meant by difficult negotiations

ETHICO-LEGAL-FIQH ISSUES IN CLINICAL APPLICATIONS: Blood and endocrine and others:

LOB1: Describe ethico-legal-fiqh issues of patho-physiological disturbances: fever, dehydration, infections: wudhu, salat, hajj, civil and financial transactions.
LOB2: Describe ethico-legal-fiqh issues of hematological disorders: anemia, leukemia, lymphoma, coagulation disorders.
LOB3: Describe ethico-legal-fiqh issues of skin disorders: eczema, psoriasis, SLE, etc. LOB4: Describe ethico-legal-fiqh issues of diabetes mellitus (pasa).

ETHICO-LEGAL-FIQH ISSUES IN CLINICAL APPLICATIONS: Locomotion, support, and connective system:

LOB1: Describe ethico-legal-fiqh issues of orthopedic problems such as sprains & fractures, orthopedic fixation, osteomyelitis, osteoporosis, malignant bone neoplasms: salat, hajj, work-related injury, workmen compensation, factory work with tremors, physical activity, rest, and sleep
LOB2: Describe ethico-legal-fiqh issues of limb disorders: salat and hajj
LOB3: Describe ethico-legal-fiqh issues of gait disorders (salat and hajj).
LOB4: Describe ethico-legal-fiqh issues of involuntary movements:chorea, athetosis, spasticity etc: salat, hajj, work with moving machinery, driving, accidents in activities of normal living.
LOB5: Describe ethico-legal-fiqh issues of myasthenia gravis: salat, puasa, hajj).
LOB6: Describe ethico-legal-fiqh issues of joint disorders with restricted/painful movements:

LEADERSHIP SKILLS:

LOB1: List and illustrate basic characteristics of effective leadership.
LOB2: List and illustrate Personal Attributes of leaders.
LOB3: List and illustrate Conceptual leadership skills.
LOB4: List and illustrate Technical leadership skills: communication, decision making, planning and execution, team leadership, motivation, conflict resolution, maintaining relations
LOB5: List and illustrate Human skills of leaders: concern, respect, compassion etc
LOB6: Briefly describe the careers of some model leaders in medicine.

ETHICO-LEGAL-FIQH ISSUES IN CLINICAL APPLICATIONS: Locomotion, support, and connective system:

LOB1: Describe ethico-legal-fiqh issues of osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis: tayammum if cold exercabates the pain, salat, hajj, risk-benefit analysis of chronic pain medication, addiction to analgesics and opiates
LOB2: Describe ethico-legal-fiqh issues of vertebral column pain: spondylosis, intervertebral disease, sponylolidthesis, ankylosing spondylitis, root compression, etc: salat, hajj
LOB3: Describe ethico-legal-fiqh issues of laryngeal, pharyngeal, or oral disease: recitation of Qur’an, public duties like judging, leadership, and court testimony.

ETHICO-LEGAL-FIQH ISSUES IN CLINICAL APPLICATIONS: Input/output systems: alimentary and urinary:

LOB1: Describe ethico-legal-fiqh issues of upper GIT conditions: nausea, vomiting / hemetamesis, peptic ulcer: wudhu, salat, pausa.
LOB2: Describe ethico-legal-fiqh issues of lower GIT conditions: rectal bleeding, incontinence, fistulae: wudhu, salat, puasa, and hajj
LOB3: Describe ethico-legal-fiqh issues of chronic renal failure: dialysis, renal transplantation.
LOB4: Describe ethico-legal-fiqh issues of urinary incontinence, fistulae, and catheters: wudhu, salat, and hajj
LOB5: Describe ethico-legal-fiqh issues of renal colic: salat, hajj

LEADERSHIP SKILLS:

LOB1: Describe and illustrate diseases of leaders: personality cult and poor human relations
LOB2: Describe and illustrate diseases of followers: hypocrisy, insincerity, bad advice for leader, flattery.

ETHICO-LEGAL-FIQH ISSUES IN CLINICAL APPLICATIONS: Transport systems: cardiovascular & respiratory:

LOB1: Describe ethico-legal-fiqh issues of dyspnea due to cardiovascular causes: salat, hajj, puasa.
LOB2: Describe ethico-legal-fiqh issues of dyspnea due to respiratory causes: pneumothorax, pulmonary embolism, chronic bronchitis, emphysema: salat, hajj, and puasa.
LOB3: Describe ethico-legal-fiqh issues of congestive cardiac failure: puasa.

ETHICO-LEGAL-FIQH ISSUES IN PSYCHOSOCIAL APPLICATIONS:

LOB1: Discuss health-related problems related to gender discrimination
LOB2: Describe the family as a natural social unit.
LOB3: Describe the fiqh aspects of marriage
LOB4: Describe fiqh guidelines for parents and relatives
LOB5: Describe ethico-legal-fiqh issues of child protection: definition of child protection, limits to parental rights, state intervention to protect children.

MANAGEMENT SKILLS:

LOB1: Describe and illustrate strategy
LOB2: Describe and illustrate methods of planning, and implementation
LOB3: Describe and illustrate control and evaluation
LOB4: Describe and illustrate quality assurance/quality improvement.

ETHICO-LEGAL-FIQH ISSUES IN PSYCHOSOCIAL APPLICATIONS:

LOB1: Describe the concept of culture: definition, relativism, relation to personality, ethnocentrism
LOB2: Define and illustrate the concept of trans-cultural ethics.
LOB3: List and describe elements of a life-style: essentials of life, dress and ornamentation, entertainment, social failure
LOB4: Describe various forms of sexual perversion: background, antecedents, adverse effects, prostitution, abnormal coital behaviors, sexual paraphilias, and criminal sexual aggression, abnormal marital arrangements
LOB5: Describe ethico-legal-fiqh issues of unwanted pregnancy: determinants and causes, adverse effects, relation to abortion, alternatives to abortion, prevention and mitigation).

ETHICO-LEGAL-FIQH ISSUES IN PSYCHOSOCIAL APPLICATIONS:

LOB1: Describe ethico-legal-fiqh issues of addiction and substance abuse: nicotine, drugs, alcohol (causes, prevention and treatment, rehabilitation.
LOB2: Discuss issues of poverty and its impact on health
LOB3: Discuss violence in society.
LOB4: Describe ethico-legal-fiqh issues of child abuse & neglect: definition and classification of abuse, sexual exploitation, child protection, best interests, physician reporting /non-reporting of abuse to authorities: benefits and risks
LOB5: Describe ethico-legal-fiqh issues of women discrimination

MANAGEMENT SKILLS

LOB1: Describe decision-making: principles, process, and steps of rational decision making
LOB2: Describe problem-solving: principles, process, and steps of rational problem solving.
LOB3: Describe crisis management: definition, stages, identification, isolation, and intervention.

ETHICO-LEGAL-FIQH ISSUES IN PSYCHOSOCIAL APPLICATIONS:

LOB1: Describe and illustrate the following forms of community action: enjoining the good and forbidding the bad, health promotion, social change, professional and occupational organizations, social welfare, disaster relief, refugees,

ETHICO-LEGAL-FIQH ISSUES IN PSYCHOSOCIAL APPLICATIONS:

LOB1: Describe health-related ethico-legal issues in marital contracts: selection of a spouse, forbidden spouses, marriage contract conditions, conjugal rights and responsibilities
LOB2: Describe fiqh issues of divorce & annulment: divorce in menstruation and pregnancy, purposes of post-divorce waiting period
LOB3: Describe ethico-legal-fiqh issues in inheritance
LOB4: Discuss fiqh guidelines on endowments & gifts,

MANAGEMENT SKILLS

LOB1: Describe techniques and uses of economic analysis in health: terminology, CBA, CEA, and CUA
LOB2: Describe ethical issues in health policy: allocation of health resources, preventive vs curative medicine, justice
LOB3: Discuss ethical issues in health care financing: reasons for high cost of medical care, managed care, waste control, cost control
LOB4: Discuss ethical issues in health services delivery: barriers, access and poverty.

ETHICO-LEGAL-FIQH ISSUES IN PSYCHOSOCIAL APPLICATIONS:

LOB1: Describe ethico-legal-fiqh issues in occupational health: Pre-employment testing (infectious disease, addiction to drugs and alcohol, genetic, psychological
LOB2: Describe ethico-legal-fiqh issues in health examination and testing during employment: purposes, disclosure to employer, sick leave, random test for drugs, removal of hazards.

ETHICO-LEGAL-FIQH ISSUES IN PSYCHOSOCIAL APPLICATIONS:

LOB1: Discuss ethico-legal-fiqh issues of legal competence: ahliyyat

MANAGEMENT SKILLS

LOB1: Describe basics of organizational management: organizational design, structure, culture, and development; recruitment, placement, and maintenance of personnel; job design, description, and assignment; advantages & disadvantages of specialization; training process, advantages and disadvantages of delegation, worker appraisal.

ETHICO-LEGAL-FIQH ISSUES IN PSYCHOSOCIAL APPLICATIONS:

LOB1: Describe ethico-legal-fiqh issues regarding public health measures in an epidemic without consent: quarantine, isolation, mass immunization, mass treatment.
LOB2: Describe ethico-legal-fiqh issues regarding disease screening and surveillance.
LOB3: Describe ethico-legal-fiqh issues regarding control of infectious disease: control and eradication, infectious disease control Act.
LOB4: Describe ethico-legal-fiqh issues regarding vaccination / immunization: cost benefit analysis.

ETHICO-LEGAL-FIQH ISSUES IN PSYCHOSOCIAL APPLICATIONS: HIV

LOB1: Describe ethico-legal-fiqh issues regarding HIV testing: premarital testing, voluntary testing, counseling, confidentiality
LOB2: Describe ethico-legal-fiqh issues regarding HIV prevention: free condoms in schools, sterile needles for IV drug users
LOB3: Describe ethico-legal-fiqh issues regarding HIV victimization: discrimination in employment, immigration, and healthcare.

MANAGEMENT SKILLS

LOB1: Describe basics of organizational financial management
LOB2: Describe and illustrate health information management systems: definition of MIS, types and structure of databases, information dissemination, privacy and confidentiality.