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Opinion written for a research project at UIA by Professor Omar Hasan Kasule
ABSTRACT
Knowledge of ethical principles and ethical reasoning can be assessed by using a questionnaire. It is not possible to assess the internalization of ethical values except by unobstrusive observation of a practicing physician confronted with a practical ethical problem. The impact of the medical curriculum on ethical knowledge can be assessed by using a questionnaire at the start and at various stages in the medical course. This short paper lists the major headings and subheadings that should be included in such a questionnaire. There are too many potential knowledge/attitude/opinion items under each heading. It is recommended that about 3-5 should be selected since there is likely to be a high correlation among items under one heading or sub-heading.
PHILOSOPHICAL / CONCEPTUAL BASIS OF ETHICS
The concept of pre-determination
Ownership /custody of the human body
Personal responsibility for healthy living
Types of ethics: normative, relative, comparative
Law vs ethics
PHYSICIAN CONDUCT
Autonomy vs paternalism
Disclosure and truthfulness
Privacy and confidentiality
Fidelity
Etiquette with patients
Patients of the opposite gender
PHYSICIAN MISCONDUCT
Abuse of prescription of controlled substances
Financial abuses
False certification
Allowing/abetting practice by an unqualified /unlicenced person
Medical negligence/malpractice
Personal misbehavior such as sexual abuse of patients
RESEARCH
Informed consent
Good clinical practices
REPRODUCTIVE ETHICS
In vivo insemination
In vitro fertilization
Contraception
Abortion
Reproductive cloning
Abortion
Sex selection
GENETICS
Pre-marital Genetic counseling and testing
Pre-natal counseling and testing
Genetic engineering
Mass screening
Obligatory pre-marital screening in cousin marriages
MEDICAL AND SURGICAL TECHNOLOGIES