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980326L - CANCER: CAUSES, TREATMENT AND PREVENTION

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Lecture delivered at Aishah College, International Islamic University, Malaysia on 26-03-98 by Prof Dr Omar Hasan Kasule, Sr. Deputy Dean for Research and Post-graduate Affairs, Kulliyah of Medicine


LIFE-TIME CANCER RISK (US DATA)


SEX     RACE                          AGE 20                                              AGE 50                     
                                    10 yrs 20 yrs Eventually                 10 yrs 20 yrs Eventually

Male   White             0.33% 0.90% 26.87%                       4.93% 13.91%            27.12%

Non-White                0.24% 0.82% 24.49%                       6.48% 15.55%            27.48%

Female White           0.41% 1.53%  27.84%                       5.50% 12.64%           27.48%

Non-White                0.48% 1.79%  22.21%                       4.94% 11.00%           20.37%

ENVIRONMENTAL RISK FACTORS

·         Time of exposure
·         Duration of exposure
·         Age at exposure
·         Identified risk factors
·         Tobacco
·         Occupation
·         Radiation
·         Alcohol
·         Diet
·         Drugs
·         Reproductive Factors
·         Air Pollution
·         Microbial agents

INTERVENTION

·         Primary prevention
·         Diet
·         Environment
·         Education
·         Control infections

·         Prevention strategies for given cancers
·         Lung         stop smoking, new cigarettes, diet
·         Mouth      stop quid smoking, stop tobacco chewing
·         Liver         HBV immunisation, aflatoxin
·         Cervix       genital hygiene, sexual behaviour

·         Screening for early detection
·         Breast      mammography
·         Cervix       pap smear

TREATMENT OF CANCER

·         Curative: Surgery, Chemotherapy, Irradiation, Immunotherapy

·         Supportive: pain, treatment of infection, nursing care