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Presentation at a workshop on Week I: Bioethics Module - CRC Program held at King Fahad Medical City via Zoom on 23 May 2021 at 13:00-14:00 pm by Professor Omar Hasan Kasule MB ChB (MUK), MPH (Harvard), DrPH (Harvard) Professor of Epidemiology and Bioethics, King Fahad Medical City
► Utilitarian consequence-based theory (balance of good and bad)
► Obligation-based theory (moral obligations)
► Rights-based theory based on respect for human rights (individual rights)
► Community-based theory (community decides)
► Relation-based theory (family and physician-patient relations)
► Case-based theory (practical case by case decision)
EUROPEAN ETHICAL PRINCIPLES (BEAUCHAMP AND CHILDRESS 1994):
► Autonomy (patient decides)► Beneficence (bring benefit)► Non maleficence (do no harm)► Justice (equity vs equality)
ALTERNATIVE ETHICAL THEORY (PURPOSES OF MEDICINE):
► Protection of Morality, hifdh al ddiin► Protection of Life, hifdh al nafs► Protection of Progeny, hifdh al nasl► Protection of the Mind, hifdh al ‘aql► Protection of Wealth / resources, hifdh al maal
ALTERNATIVE ETHICAL PRINCIPLES (PRINCIPLES OF MEDICINE):
► The Principle of Intention (actions are judged by the intentions behind them), qasd► The Principle of Certainty (no action is taken in extreme uncertainty), yaqiin► The Principle of Injury (medical intervention should cause no injury), dharar► Principle of Hardship (in case of difficulty the usual legal restrictions are relaxed), mashaqqat► The Principle of Custom or Precedent (follow usual procedures unless there is evidence to the contrary), urf
DISCLOSURE AND TRUTHFULNESS:
► Obligation to Tell the Truth (doctors should not lie to patients)► What is Disclosed (full disclosure unless there is a valid reason)► Partial Disclosure and White or Technical Lies► Disclosures to Others about the Patient (not generally allowed without patient consent)► Giving Bad News
PRIVACY AND CONFIDENTIALITY:
► Privacy► Confidentiality► Medical Records► Release of Confidential Information
FIDELITY:
► Definition of Fidelity► Conflicts Regarding Fidelity