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Presented at CRC course held at King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh on 26 January 2020. 09:00 am - 10:00 am by Professor Omar Hasan Kasule Sr. MB ChB (MUK), MPH (Harvard), DrPH (Harvard), Chairman of the KFMC IRB
CHARACTERISTICS OF EPIDEMIOLOGICAL INVESTIGATION
• Epidemiological methodology follows the scientific method.
• Epidemiological investigation is not as deterministic as laboratory investigation but is cheap and easy.
• Epidemiology is empirical: epidemiology relies on and respects only empirical findings. Empiricism refers to reliance on physical proof.
• Epidemiology is inductive: induction is building a theory on several individual observations.
• Refutative: Refutation is basically refusal of a supposition until it is proved otherwise.
DESCRIPTIVE AND ANALYTIC STUDY DESIGNS
DATA ANALYSIS
• Data summarization,
• Estimation,
• Interpretation.
DATA VALIDATION
• Simple manual inspection of the data is needed before statistical procedures.
• Preliminary examination consists of looking at tables and graphics.
• Descriptive statistics are used to detect errors, ascertain the normality of the data, and know the size of cells.
• Missing values may be imputed or incomplete observations may be eliminated.
DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS
• Mean and standard deviation.
• Proportion (prevalence and variance).
ANALYTIC STATISTICS: ASSOCIATION
• T student statistic,
• Chi-square statistic,
• Linear correlation,
• Regression coefficients.
ANALYTIC STATISTICS: EFFECT
• Odds Ratio,
• Risk Ratio,
• Rate difference.