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A course for staff of the Global Center for Mass Medicine at the Ministry of Health by Professor Omar Hasan Kasule Sr. MB ChB (MUK), MPH (Harvard), DrPH (Harvard) Professor of Epidemiology at King Fahad Medical City Riyadh
1.1 GENERAL EPIDEMIOLOGY
1.1.1 Definition (distribution and causes of disease and injury), Scope (human and non-human), and Classification (public health, clinical, molecular, genetic, cancer, infectious disease, environmental, nutritional, occupational, pharmacy, etc.)
1.1.2 Importance: Methodological science of medicine. Basis of public health. Prevention and control of disease and injury
1.1.3 Epidemiologic Methodology: identify a problem. use the scientific method to formulate and test hypotheses, interpret findings. Empirical, inductive, refutative.
1.1.4 Historical Evolution of Epidemiologic Knowledge: The ancient period up to 1500, the post-renaissance period 1500-1750, the sanitary period 1750-1870, the infectious disease period 1870-1945, modern epidemiology period starting in 1945 (also considered the chronic disease period)., and the non-human disease period.
1.1.5 Ethical Issues in Epidemiology: informed consent, confidentiality, communication to the general public.
1.2 CLINICAL EPIDEMIOLOGY
1.2.1 Definitions (application of an epidemiologic methodology to study patient outcomes), scope (clinical), and roles (definitions, diagnosis, outcomes, prognosis, effectiveness of treatment),
1.2.2 Evolution of clinical medicine: pre-history, ancient (Egyptian, Indian, Chinese), Greek, Muslim, European)
1.2.3 Natural history of the disease (pre inception to death)
1.2.4 Clinical epidemiology in diagnosis (statistical abnormality, validity of diagnostic tests)
1.2.5 Clinical epidemiology in treatment and prognosis (epidemiological characterization of efficacy, effectiveness, safety, incidence of side effects, incidence of treatment failure, compliance, and functional status)
1.2.6 Clinical Trials on Humans (phases 1-3, randomization, outcome, placebo).
1.3 PUBLIC AND COMMUNITY HEALTH
1.3.1 Definition of Public Health: efforts to promote, protect, and maintain health with 2 main paradigms (disease prevention & health promotion), scope (health problems and disease determinants), essential functions (prevention of disease and injuries; protection against environmental hazards; promotion of healthy behavior; assurance of quality and accessibility of health services; and provision of personal and community health services).
1.3.2 Disciplines That Assist Public Health: main (epidemiology, biostatistics, and operations research). Economic disciplines deal with resources. Others (sociology, social policy, communication, and management sciences).
1.3.3 Public Health Programs and Strategies: main programs (health policy formulation, disease prevention and health promotion, medical and social services, and environmental protection). Main strategies (surveillance, intervention, and evaluation). Economic interventions have a public health impact.
1.3.4 Community health: private and public efforts of individuals, groups, and organizations to promote, protect, and preserve the health of those in the community. It involves community development, community organization, community participation, and community diagnosis.
INTRODUCTION TO EPIDEMIOLOGY 2: Study Design and Analysis
A course for staff of the Global Center for Mass Medicine at the Ministry of Health by Professor Omar Hasan Kasule Sr. MB ChB (MUK), MPH (Harvard), DrPH (Harvard) Professor of Epidemiology at King Fahad Medical City Riyadh
2.1 FIELD EPIDEMIOLOGY
2.1.1 Sample Size Determination
2.1.2 Sources of Secondary Data
2.1.3 Primary Data Collection by Questionnaire
2.1.4 Physical Primary Data Collection
2.1.5 Data Management and Data Analysis
2.2 CROSS-SECTIONAL DESIGN
2.2.1 Definition
2.2.2 Design and Data Collection
2.2.3 Statistical Parameters
2.2.4 Ecologic Design
2.2.5 Health Surveys
2.3 CASE-CONTROL DESIGN
2.3.1 Basics
2.3.2 Design and Data Collection of Case-Base Studies
2.3.3 Statistical Parameters
2.3.4 Strengths and Weaknesses
2.3.5 Sample Size Computation:
2.4 FOLLOW-UP DESIGN
2.4.1 Definition
2.4.2 Design and Data Collection
2.4.3 Statistical Parameters
2.4.4 Strengths and Weaknesses
2.4.5 Sample Size Computation
2.5 RANDOMIZED DESIGN
2.5.1 Randomized Design in Community Trials
2.5.2 Study Design for Phase 3 Randomized Clinical Trials
2.5.3 Data Collection in Randomized Clinical Trials
2.5.4 Analysis and Interpretation of Randomized Clinical Trials
INTRODUCTION TO EPIDEMIOLOGY 3: Interpretation of Results of Data Analysis
A course for staff of the Global Center for Mass Medicine at the Ministry of Health by Professor Omar Hasan Kasule Sr. MB ChB (MUK), MPH (Harvard), DrPH (Harvard) Professor of Epidemiology at King Fahad Medical City Riyadh
3.1 MEASURES OF ASSOCIATION and EFFECT
3.1.1 General Concepts
3.1.2 Tests of Association
3.1.3 Measures of Effect
3.1.4 Validity and Precision
3.1.5 Meta-Analysis
3.2 SOURCES AND TREATMENT OF BIAS
3.2.1 Misclassification Bias
3.2.2 Selection Bias
3.2.3 Confounding Bias
3.2.4 Mis-Specification Bias
3.2.5 Survey Error and Sampling Bias
3.3 HEALTH STATUS INFORMATION
3.3.1 Hospital Information Systems
3.3.2 Public Health Information System
3.3.3 Disease Registries with Cancer as an Example
3.3.4 Vital Health Statistics Interpretation
3.3.5 Demographic Analysis
INTRODUCTION TO EPIDEMIOLOGY 4: Exposure Epidemiology
A course for staff of the Global Center for Mass Medicine at the Ministry of Health by Professor Omar Hasan Kasule Sr. MB ChB (MUK), MPH (Harvard), DrPH (Harvard) Professor of Epidemiology at King Fahad Medical City Riyadh
4.1 ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURES
4.1.1 The Environmental Problem
4.1.2 Environmental Pollution
4.1.3 Epidemiological Studies
4.1.4 Risk Assessment and Management
4.2 OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURES
4.2.1 Introduction
4.2.2 Occupational Hazards and Diseases
4.2.3 Occupational Health Studies
4.2.4 Prevention of Occupational Disease
4.3 NUTRITIONAL EXPOSURES
4.3.1 Introduction
4.3.2 Incidence and Prevalence of Malnutrition
4.3.3 Diseases Associated with Malnutrition
4.3.4 Assessment of Nutritional Status
4.3.5 Epidemiological Studies of Nutritional Exposures
4.4 RADIATION EXPOSURES
4.4.1 Over-View
4.4.2 Radiations: Types, Sources, and Measurement
4.4.3 Effects of Radiation
4.4.4 Epidemiological Studies of Radiation:
4.4.5 Prevention of Radiation Damage:
4.5 OTHER EXPOSURES
4.5.1 Biological Markers
4.5.2 Genetic Exposures
4.5.3 Pharmaceutical Agents
MODULE 5: DISEASE EPIDEMIOLOGY
5.1 Disease: Description, diagnosis, and prognosis
5.2 Disease: Determinants
5.3 Disease: Control and Prevention
5.4 Disease Surveillance
5.5 Disease Screening
MODULE 6: COMMUNICABLE DISEASES
6.1 Concepts
6.2 Communicable Diseases by Viruses
6.3 Communicable Diseases by Prokaryotes
6.4 Communicable Diseases by Eukaryotes
6.5 Emerging Communicable Diseases
MODULE 7: NON-COMMUNICABLE DISEASES
7.1 Epidemiological Characterization
7.2 Risk Factors
7.3 Cancer
7.4 Diseases by Organ System
7.5 Diseases by Age Group
MODULE 8: EPIDEMIOLOGY IN HEALTH SYSTEM RESEARCH
8.1 Definition of health systems research
8.2 Determining research priorities
8.3 Analysis of and statement of the research problem
8.4 Formulation of research objectives
8.5 Hypotheses
8.6 Methods of data collection: questionnaires focus group discussion, observation, mapping, scaling, etc