980326L - CANCER: CAUSES, TREATMENT AND PREVENTION

Lecture delivered at Aishah College, International Islamic University, Malaysia on 26-03-98 by Prof Dr Omar Hasan Kasule, Sr. Deputy Dean for Research and Post-graduate Affairs, Kulliyah of Medicine

LIFE-TIME CANCER RISK (US DATA)

SEX     RACE                          AGE 20                                              AGE 50                     

                                    10 yrs 20 yrs Eventually                 10 yrs 20 yrs Eventually

Male   White             0.33% 0.90% 26.87%                       4.93% 13.91%            27.12%

Non-White                0.24% 0.82% 24.49%                       6.48% 15.55%            27.48%

Female White           0.41% 1.53%  27.84%                       5.50% 12.64%           27.48%

Non-White                0.48% 1.79%  22.21%                       4.94% 11.00%           20.37%

ENVIRONMENTAL RISK FACTORS

·         Time of exposure

·         Duration of exposure

·         Age at exposure

·         Identified risk factors

·         Tobacco

·         Occupation

·         Radiation

·         Alcohol

·         Diet

·         Drugs

·         Reproductive Factors

·         Air Pollution

·         Microbial agents

INTERVENTION

·         Primary prevention

·         Diet

·         Environment

·         Education

·         Control infections

·         Prevention strategies for given cancers

·         Lung         stop smoking, new cigarettes, diet

·         Mouth      stop quid smoking, stop tobacco chewing

·         Liver         HBV immunisation, aflatoxin

·         Cervix       genital hygiene, sexual behaviour

·         Screening for early detection

·         Breast      mammography

·         Cervix       pap smear

TREATMENT OF CANCER

·         Curative: Surgery, Chemotherapy, Irradiation, Immunotherapy

·         Supportive: pain, treatment of infection, nursing care